{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1785398017649,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS099645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS099645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common and in some cases debilitating consequence of upper- or lower-limb amputation for which current treatments are inadequate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This small clinical trial tested whether game-like interactions with immersive VR activities can reduce PLP in subjects with transtibial lower-limb amputation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven participants attended 5\u20137 sessions in which they engaged in a visually immersive virtual reality experience that did not require leg movements (Cool!\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), followed by 10\u201312 sessions of targeted lower-limb VR treatment consisting of custom games requiring leg movement. In the latter condition, they controlled an avatar with 2 intact legs viewed in a head-mounted display (HTC Vive\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). A motion-tracking system mounted on the intact and residual limbs controlled the movements of both virtual extremities independently.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants except one experienced a reduction of pain immediately after VR sessions, and their pre session pain levels also decreased over the course of the study. At a group level, PLP decreased by 28% after the treatment that did not include leg movements and 39.6% after the games requiring leg motions. Both treatments were successful in reducing PLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This VR intervention appears to be an efficacious treatment for PLP in subjects with lower-limb amputation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211054164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T07:29:51Z","timestamp":1635319791000},"page":"1100-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Virtual Reality Treatment Displaying the Missing Leg Improves Phantom Limb Pain: A Small Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Ambron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2421-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel J.","family":"Buxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5004-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Kuchenbecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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