{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:29:55Z","timestamp":1792092595139,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018YFC1314700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1314700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"outstanding academic leaders plan of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee","award":["20XD1403400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20XD1403400"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation program of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology","award":["19441908000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19441908000"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Tongji Hospital","award":["ITJ(ZD)1901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITJ(ZD)1901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been closely examined as a possible treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Owing to various rTMS protocols and results, the optimal mode and suitable PD symptoms have yet to be established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study intends to systematically evaluate the efficacy of rTMS intervention and identify optimal stimulation protocol of rTMS for specific motor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and web of Science databases were searched before January 2022. Eligible studies included sham-controlled and randomized clinical trials of rTMS intervention for motor dysfunction in patients with PD. Standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated with random-effects models. The effects of rTMS on motor symptoms were mainly estimated by the UPDRS-III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1172 articles were identified, of which 32 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled evidence suggested that rTMS relieves motor symptoms of patients with PD (SMD 0.64, 95%CI [0.47, 0.80]). High frequency stimulation on M1 is the most effective mode of intervention (SMD 0.79, 95%CI [0.52, 1.07]). HF rTMS has significant therapeutic effects on limbs motor function (SMD 1.93, 95%CI [0.73, 3.12] for upper limb function and SMD 0.88, 95%CI [0.43, 1.33] for lower limb function), akinesia (SMD 1.17, 95%CI [0.43, 1.92), rigidity (SMD 1.02, 95%CI [0.12, 1.92]) and tremor(SMD 0.91, 95%CI [0.15, 1.67]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rTMS therapy is an effective treatment for motor symptoms of PD and the individualized stimulation protocols for different symptoms would further improve its clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683221095034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T09:11:07Z","timestamp":1653556267000},"page":"395-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotoxin research center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. 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