{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:50:42Z","timestamp":1788216642746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent meta-analyses, robot-assisted gait training for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have yielded limited clinical benefits compared with conventional overground gait training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training for patients with MS on clinical outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases from their inception to April 7, 2022. We selected studies that (1) included participants with MS, (2) used robot-assisted gait training as the intervention, (3) included conventional overground gait training or another gait training protocol as control treatment, and (4) reported clinical outcomes. Continuous variables are expressed as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 16 studies enrolling 536 participants. Significant improvement was observed in the intervention group, with low heterogeneity at the end of the intervention with regard to walking velocity (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.15, 0.60]), walking endurance (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI [0.04, 0.48]), mobility (SMD: \u22120.37, 95% CI [\u22120.60, \u22120.14]), balance (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI [0.04, 0.48]), and fatigue (SMD: \u22120.27, 95% CI [\u22120.49, \u22120.04]). The results of subgroup analyses revealed improvements in these outcomes for the intervention group using grounded exoskeletons. No significant differences were noted in all the outcomes between the groups at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Robot-assisted gait training with grounded exoskeletons exerts a positive short-term effect and is an adequate treatment option for patients with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231167850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T11:52:38Z","timestamp":1681991558000},"page":"228-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7281-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-An","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Chien","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsun-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Chou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei"},{"name":"Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26858"},{"key":"bibr2-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819"},{"key":"bibr3-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"bibr4-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000000816"},{"key":"bibr5-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500747"},{"key":"bibr6-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.S114102"},{"key":"bibr7-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.02.008"},{"key":"bibr8-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.21.06915-x"},{"key":"bibr9-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1321-7"},{"key":"bibr10-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102034"},{"key":"bibr11-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14746"},{"key":"bibr12-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1361-z"},{"key":"bibr13-15459683231167850","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2. 2021. Accessed May 10, 2022. www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"bibr14-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"bibr15-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0b013e318248e20d"},{"key":"bibr16-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-166"},{"key":"bibr17-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690823"},{"key":"bibr18-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(87)90102-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr19-15459683231167850","first-page":"783","volume":"48","author":"Enright PL.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"bibr20-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000000253"},{"key":"bibr21-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.10.006"},{"key":"bibr22-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-14"},{"key":"bibr23-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799109166684"},{"key":"bibr24-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070251"},{"key":"bibr25-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-006-0398-y"},{"key":"bibr26-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e3280146ec4"},{"key":"bibr27-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1148oa"},{"key":"bibr28-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-005-1990-x"},{"key":"bibr29-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02260859"},{"key":"bibr30-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"bibr31-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002089"},{"key":"bibr32-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(99)90053-9"},{"key":"bibr33-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.33.11.1444"},{"key":"bibr34-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90119-u"},{"key":"bibr35-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655000750045604"},{"key":"bibr36-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-9514(14)60281-6"},{"key":"bibr37-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12494"},{"key":"bibr38-15459683231167850","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr39-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h870"},{"key":"bibr40-15459683231167850","volume-title":"EndNote","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr41-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57070713"},{"key":"bibr42-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001913"},{"key":"bibr43-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.002"},{"key":"bibr44-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102936"},{"key":"bibr45-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519833901"},{"key":"bibr46-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100834"},{"key":"bibr47-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000270"},{"key":"bibr48-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516663033"},{"key":"bibr49-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515620933"},{"key":"bibr50-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00318"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr51-15459683231167850","first-page":"555","volume":"33","author":"Straudi S","year":"2013","journal-title":"A pilot randomized-control trial"},{"key":"bibr52-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311425923"},{"key":"bibr53-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431075"},{"key":"bibr54-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2010.03.0035"},{"key":"bibr55-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308318473"},{"key":"bibr56-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507082358"},{"key":"bibr57-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00905"},{"key":"bibr58-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008"},{"key":"bibr59-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019117"},{"key":"bibr60-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070064"},{"key":"bibr61-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598675863454"},{"key":"bibr62-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.2002.4091"},{"key":"bibr63-15459683231167850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2014.882766"}],"container-title":["Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15459683231167850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15459683231167850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15459683231167850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:09:53Z","timestamp":1777705793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15459683231167850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15459683231167850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15459683231167850","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9683","1552-6844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9683","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}