{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1791283042512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MedRhythms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-stroke care guidelines highlight continued rehabilitation as essential; however, many stroke survivors cannot participate in outpatient rehabilitation. Technological advances in wearable sensing, treatment algorithms, and care delivery interfaces have created new opportunities for high-efficacy rehabilitation interventions to be delivered autonomously in any setting (ie, clinic, community, or home).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an autonomous rehabilitation system that combines the closed-loop control of music with real-time gait analysis to fully automate patient-tailored walking rehabilitation. Specifically, the mechanism-of-action of auditory-motor entrainment is applied to induce targeted changes in the post-stroke gait pattern by way of targeted changes in music. Using speed-controlled biomechanical and physiological assessments, we evaluate in 10 individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis the effects of a fully-automated gait training session on gait asymmetry and the energetic cost of walking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-treatment reductions in step time (\u0394: \u221212\u2009\u00b1\u200926%, P\u2009=\u2009.027), stance time (\u0394: \u221222\u2009\u00b1\u200910%, P\u2009=\u2009.004), and swing time (\u0394: \u221215\u2009\u00b1\u200910%, P\u2009=\u2009.006) asymmetries were observed together with a 9\u2009\u00b1\u20095% reduction ( P\u2009=\u2009.027) in the energetic cost of walking. Changes in the energetic cost of walking were highly dependent on the degree of baseline energetic impairment ( r\u2009=\u2212\u2009.90, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Among the 7 individuals with a baseline energetic cost of walking larger than the normative value of healthy older adults, a 13\u2009\u00b1\u20094% reduction was observed after training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The closed-loop control of music can fully automate walking rehabilitation that markedly improves walking after stroke. Autonomous rehabilitation delivery systems that can safely provide high-efficacy rehabilitation in any setting have the potential to alleviate access-related care gaps and improve long-term outcomes after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231174223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T06:52:05Z","timestamp":1685947925000},"page":"255-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Autonomous Control of Music to Retrain Walking After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Collimore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Roto Cataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9472-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashlyn J.","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Sloutsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"MedRhythms, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis N.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"MedRhythms, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15459683231174223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.06.009"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr2-15459683231174223","first-page":"635","volume":"6","author":"Balaban B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med 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