{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:11:05Z","timestamp":1789675865019,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent decades, there has been a widespread adoption of digital devices among the non-disabled population. The pervasive integration of digital devices has revolutionized how the majority of the population manages daily activities. Most of us now depend on digital platforms and services to conduct activities across the domains of communication, finance, healthcare, and work. However, a clear disparity exists for people who live with severe quadriplegia, who largely lack access to tools that would enable them to perform daily tasks digitally and communicate effectively with their environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this piece is to (i) highlight the unmet needs of people with severe quadriplegia (including cases for medical necessity and perspectives from the community), (ii) present the current landscape of assistive technology for people with severe quadriplegia, (iii) make the case for implantable BCIs (how they address needs and why they are a good solution relative to other assistive technologies), and (iv) present future directions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are technologies that are currently available to this population, but these technologies are certainly not usable with the same level of ease, efficiency, or autonomy as what has been designed for the non-disabled community. This hinders the ability of people with severe quadriplegia to achieve digital autonomy, perpetuating social isolation and limiting the expression of needs, opinions, and preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most importantly, the gap in digital equality fundamentally undermines the basic human rights of people with severe quadriplegia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683241282783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T04:56:12Z","timestamp":1727412972000},"page":"877-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Meeting the Needs of People With Severe Quadriplegia in the 21st Century: The Case for Implanted Brain\u2013Computer Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5153-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbey","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Breyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Spohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The AbleGamers Charity, Charles Town, WV, USA"},{"name":"Patient Author, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Author, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisha","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2232-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Putrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7508.94"},{"key":"bibr2-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2016.06.002"},{"key":"bibr3-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.240"},{"key":"bibr4-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119834493"},{"key":"bibr5-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2019.100198"},{"key":"bibr6-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1508477"},{"key":"bibr7-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/84.6.496"},{"key":"bibr8-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.853647"},{"key":"bibr9-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2040611"},{"key":"bibr10-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308790"},{"key":"bibr11-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-006-9056-5"},{"key":"bibr12-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby112"},{"key":"bibr13-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.3.458"},{"key":"bibr14-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13031"},{"key":"bibr15-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0114"},{"key":"bibr16-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2208029"},{"key":"bibr17-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"bibr18-15459683241282783","volume-title":"Position Statement: Addressing Social Isolation and Loneliness and the Power of Human Connection","author":"Badcock J","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr19-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199505000-00006"},{"key":"bibr20-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1877382601003010072"},{"key":"bibr21-15459683241282783","unstructured":"Sixty-first session of the General Assembly. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 2006. Accessed February 1, 2024. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-rights-persons-disabilities"},{"key":"bibr22-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321989331"},{"key":"bibr23-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2010-000039"},{"key":"bibr24-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)50034-7"},{"key":"bibr25-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000313"},{"key":"bibr26-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191884"},{"key":"bibr27-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147607"},{"key":"bibr28-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-018-9375-6"},{"key":"bibr29-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903419277"},{"key":"bibr30-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.477"},{"key":"bibr31-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12121985"},{"key":"bibr32-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250701689256"},{"key":"bibr33-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525740110367824"},{"key":"bibr34-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.252"},{"key":"bibr35-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2023-020316"},{"key":"bibr36-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.012616"},{"key":"bibr37-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.12.011"},{"key":"bibr38-15459683241282783","unstructured":"Harrell E. Crime Against Persons with Disabilities, 2009-2015\u2014Statistical Tables. 2017. Accessed February 1, 2024. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/capd0915st.pdf"},{"key":"bibr39-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03172.x"},{"key":"bibr40-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828021000024960"},{"key":"bibr41-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACV.1998.732882"},{"key":"bibr42-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-130396"},{"key":"bibr43-15459683241282783","unstructured":"Sennersten C, Alfredson J, Castor M, et al. Verification of An Experimental Platform Integrating of An Experimental a Tobii Eyetracking Platform Integrating System a Eyetracking System With With the the HiFi HiFi Game Game Engine Engine. Report number: FOI-R\u20132227\u2013SEAffiliation: Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI. 2007."},{"key":"bibr44-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00696"},{"key":"bibr45-15459683241282783","volume-title":"Assistive Technology Changes Lives: An assessment of AT need and capacity in England","author":"Austin V","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr46-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-26801-4_4"},{"key":"bibr47-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4847"},{"key":"bibr48-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61816-9"},{"key":"bibr49-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11076"},{"key":"bibr50-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1032-6"},{"key":"bibr51-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac2003"},{"key":"bibr52-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201707"},{"key":"bibr53-15459683241282783","unstructured":"Collins DF.Neuroscience Research Kicks Off World Cup. NIH Director\u2019s Blog. 2014. Accessed December 10, 2023. https:\/\/directorsblog.nih.gov\/2014\/06\/12\/neuroscience-research-kicks-off-world-cup\/"},{"key":"bibr54-15459683241282783","unstructured":"Orenstein D. People with paralysis control robotic arms using brain-computer interface. 2012. Accessed December 10, 2023. https:\/\/news.brown.edu\/articles\/2012\/05\/braingate2"},{"key":"bibr55-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac60ca"},{"key":"bibr56-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.578875"},{"key":"bibr57-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.03.036"},{"key":"bibr58-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180117000081"},{"key":"bibr59-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2021.1893335"},{"key":"bibr60-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.07.020"},{"key":"bibr61-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0304-z"},{"key":"bibr62-15459683241282783","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2011.572978"}],"container-title":["Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15459683241282783","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15459683241282783","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15459683241282783","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:10:38Z","timestamp":1777705838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15459683241282783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15459683241282783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15459683241282783","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9683","1552-6844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9683","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]}}}