{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:43:47Z","timestamp":1791535427217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56 NS126748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 NS126748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS120274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS120274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the prevalence of upper extremity (UE) limitations after stroke, few training interventions prioritize fast movement speeds during rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effects of an equivalent dose (in the number of trials) of speed versus accuracy training in chronic stroke with mild-to-moderate impairments who have no direct cerebellar damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Phase-1 randomized controlled trial, we randomized 42 participants to either a speed or an accuracy arm-movement training condition. Participants moved their paretic hands through complex tracks, with 2080 trials in 4 sessions within a week. Speed and accuracy were manipulated by displaying 5\u2009cm-wide or 1.25\u2009cm-wide tracks or providing feedback based on average speed and accuracy in the Speed and Accuracy groups, respectively. We measured changes in kinematics in a 3-target test, in the speed-accuracy trade-off in a modified Fitts\u2019 test of the paretic arm during goal-directed reaching, and clinical outcomes (ie, UE Fugl-Meyer, Action Research Arm Test, and Box and Block Test) at 3\u2009days and 1-month post-training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Speed training led to significantly faster and smoother movements with more symmetric reach velocity profiles at the 3-day post-test, consistent with better feedforward control. Speed training temporarily improved the speed-accuracy tradeoff. At 1\u2009month, however, most gains in the 3-target test and in the modified Fitts\u2019 test were lost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Speed training led to greater gains in kinematics of goal-directed actions than accuracy training, notably in a 3-day post-test. Our results suggest that training programs with high repetitions of fast movements may improve paretic arm reaching performance. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under ID NCT05013762.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683251331582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T02:51:31Z","timestamp":1750819891000},"page":"542-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Speed-Biased Training Temporarily Improves Motor Performance of the Paretic Arm Compared to Accuracy-Biased Training in Chronic Stroke Survivors: The Phase 1 FAST Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yannick","family":"Darmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology &amp; Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shailesh","family":"Kantak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Colina Research Institute, Pomona, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Fullmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Colina Research Institute, Pomona, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Ouellette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Colina Research Institute, Pomona, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolee","family":"Winstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology &amp; Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Colina Research Institute, Pomona, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3362-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Schweighofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology &amp; Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211000730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31055-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(99)00028-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002219900275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2652393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2019.1615861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1340-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-2106-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310370748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02334-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4025-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3938-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Kitago T","unstructured":"Kitago T, Krakauer JW. 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