{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:47:35Z","timestamp":1792882055008,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013301","name":"Parkinson\u2019s Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Clinical Research Award (PF-CRA-2073)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Research Award (PF-CRA-2073)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013301","name":"Parkinson\u2019s Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Post-doctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists (PF-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Post-doctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists (PF-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internal and external cueing strategies are often applied to alleviate gait deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). However, it remains unclear which type of cueing strategy is most effective at different disease stages. The underlying neural mechanisms of response to cueing are also unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the immediate response of multiple brain cortical regions and gait to internal and external cueing in people at different stages of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with PD (n\u2009=\u200980) were split into groups dependent on their disease stage (Hoehn and Yahr [H&amp;Y] stage I to III). Participants performed a baseline walk without cues followed by randomized cued walking conditions (internal and external [visual, auditory and tactile] cues). A combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) system assessed cortical brain activity while walking. Wearable inertial sensors assessed gait.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cue-related gait improvements were not influenced by H&amp;Y stage; moderate or large effect sizes were only observed for internal cueing and external visual cueing. fNIRS findings suggested cortical response was similar across H&amp;Y stages, with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex with internal cues; and increased activity in the primary motor and visual cortices with external cues. However, EEG showed that people with PD in H&amp;YIII had higher parietal alpha power than those in H&amp;YI in the auditory, tactile, and visual cueing conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gait improvement with cueing was similar across PD stages and underpinned by cognitive, motor, and\/or sensory neural processing within selective brain regions that may be influenced by PD stage (i.e., parietal cortex).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683251351876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T09:42:06Z","timestamp":1752399726000},"page":"826-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Internal and External Cues on Brain Activity and Gait in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Findings From BARC-PD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Vitorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3155-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6846-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30044-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313835.33830.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316650426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320969940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.577435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26269"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Visual cues as a therapeutic tool in Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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