{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:26:04Z","timestamp":1790270764426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alzheimer Ticino Association"},{"name":"ABREOC 2019","award":["2020-00434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-00434"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of non-invasive neuromodulation to improve social cognition (SC) in neurological disorders remains unclear. However, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise for treating cognitive abnormalities by promoting neuroplasticity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we investigated the effects of high-frequency rTMS on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right temporal parietal junction (rTPJ) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to enhance SC abilities and other cognitive and functional abilities related to the stimulated network, and their maintenance effects post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four MCI patients were assigned to 2 groups: a Real-Real group (RR-Gr) that received 4\u2009weeks of rTMS, and a Sham-Real group (SR-Gr) that received 2\u2009weeks of sham stimulation followed by 2\u2009weeks of real rTMS. All subjects underwent cognitive\/functional assessments at baseline, week 2, and week 4 of the treatment, and 8\u2009weeks post-intervention (12\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 2\u2009weeks of treatment, the RR-Gr improved in empathy performance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), emotion-recognition (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), social-behavior (SB) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.04), and executive function (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.014). Following 4\u2009weeks of rTMS, emotion-recognition improved further, and the benefits persisted at follow-up observation (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In RR-Gr, patients with higher education exhibited more significant improvements in SB abilities (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.032). Both groups also improved attention, mobility, and quality of life over time (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      range :&lt;.001-.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excitatory rTMS treatment targeting 2 key social brain regions (mPFC and rTPJ) shows promise as a sustained intervention to improve SC and associated cognitive functions in the MCI population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04490616<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683251360731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1755770740000},"page":"972-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Social Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1202-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianna Carla","family":"Riccitelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2617-5453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Beeching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0309-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Ongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Department Regional Hospital Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Pertoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Department, Moncucco Clinic, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kaelin-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy Unit, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugan, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860802224243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436944.01023.e5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Social cognition profile in amnestic MCI","volume":"4","author":"Amer MS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amer MS, Adly NN, Rasheedy D, Mahdy R. 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