{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:14:29Z","timestamp":1787318069978,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario Research Foundation Grant","award":["ORF-RE-09-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-RE-09-112"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1934650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1934650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research operating grant","award":["MOP 106662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 106662"]}]},{"name":"GSK chair in Neuroscience"},{"name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Grant-in-Aid"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proprioception is critical for daily activities and is often impaired after stroke. Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of proprioceptive impairments of the upper limb in stroke; however, few studies have examined the relationship between proprioceptive impairments and motor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined how proprioceptive detection thresholds (movement discrimination thresholds [MDTs]) relate to existing assessments of upper limb proprioceptive, motor, and clinical function after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke (N\u2009=\u200939) and control participants (N\u2009=\u200939) completed 5 tasks using the Kinarm Exoskeleton Lab: (1) MDT\u2014a single-arm proprioceptive task assessing movement detection threshold, (2) Position Matching\u2014a bilateral matching task assessing static limb position sense, (3) Kinesthetic Matching\u2014a bilateral matching task assessing sense of limb motion, (4) Visually Guided Reaching\u2014a task assessing upper limb motor control, and (5) Reaching without Vision\u2014a task assessing upper limb motor control with increased reliance on proprioceptive feedback.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stroke participants were significantly impaired on all robotic tasks compared to controls. We found that MDT was correlated with bilateral matching robotic tasks of proprioception, including Position Matching (\u03c1\u2009=\u2009.64,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and Kinesthetic Matching (\u03c1\u2009=\u2009.56,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). However, MDT was not significantly correlated with robotic tasks of motor control or clinical measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MDT, a single-arm measure that reduces motor requirements in proprioceptive testing, was significantly correlated to existing robotic measures of proprioception. MDT is capable of measuring impairments in perception that may be independent from impairments in action-based motor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683251363245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T08:06:17Z","timestamp":1755849977000},"page":"931-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proprioceptive Thresholds Are Indicators of Upper Limb Perception After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Hoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Providence Care, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean P.","family":"Dukelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Semrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.181636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309345267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/hanthe.2002.v15.01571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90192-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v7.i1.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1503-200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006331.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90344-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00809.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.2.820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1990.055.01.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-024-06901-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.04.0057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","volume-title":"Rehabilitation Robotics","author":"Colombo R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colombo R, Sanguineti V. 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