{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:03:30Z","timestamp":1790013810639,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1320001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1320001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001543","name":"Neurological Foundation of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-PRG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-PRG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TWIST tool uses clinical measures at 1 week post-stroke to predict whether patients will achieve independent walking by 4, 6, 9, 16 or 26\u2009weeks post-stroke. TWIST was developed with 93 participants from 2 hospitals and was at least 83% accurate at all timepoints. Validation of TWIST is necessary before implementation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to perform temporal external validation of the TWIST prediction tool in a single hospital site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with stroke were recruited if they had new lower limb weakness and were unable to walk independently. A TWIST score out of 4 was calculated for each participant using age, knee extension strength and Berg Balance Test score at 1 week post-stroke. Discrimination and calibration of TWIST were calculated for each timepoint and the model was refined as required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 89 participants in this validation cohort (43% women, median age 69\u2009years, 56% moderate-severe stroke). Predictions were valid for most TWIST scores at most timepoints. The TWIST tool was too optimistic for participants with TWIST scores of 0 and 2 at 16 and 26\u2009weeks, and a TWIST score of 3 at all timepoints. The TWIST tool and clinical interpretations were refined. Discrimination of the TWIST tool is good (C-statistic\u2009&gt;\u20090.8) for all timepoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TWIST is a temporally externally validated prediction tool that combines routine tests at 1-week post-stroke to predict the probability of an individual patient achieving independent walking by 4, 6, 9, 16 or 26\u2009weeks post-stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683261417638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1770801307000},"page":"461-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal External Validation of the TWIST Prediction Tool for Time to Independent Walking after Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Claire","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Exercise, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0902-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Scrivener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Allied Health, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9404-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy M.","family":"Stinear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00369-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60690-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516655856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.101642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70183-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr910oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683221085287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968317736820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310384271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683241270055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500675130139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Motor and functional recovery after stroke: accuracy of physical therapists\u2019 predictions","volume":"70","author":"Korner-Bitensky N","year":"1989","unstructured":"Korner-Bitensky N, Mayo N, Cabot R, Becker R, Coopersmith H. 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