{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:25:20Z","timestamp":1787383520266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"hong kong polytechnic university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref No. ZVSV."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref No. ZVSV."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) among survivors is burdensome. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising non-invasive intervention requiring comprehensive evaluation of its clinical and economic impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy, cost-utility, and stroke survivors\u2019 experiences of rTMS for neurogenic OAB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, assessor-blinded, sham-controlled trial, 60 stroke survivors with neurogenic OAB received active rTMS (1200 pulses 80% resting motor threshold [RMT]) or sham (20% RMT) thrice weekly for 4\u2009weeks at contralateral primary motor cortex. The OAB Symptom Score (OABSS), Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)\u2014were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Repeated measures analysis of covariance evaluated effects. Cost-utility analysis used societal costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Focus groups involved 12 active-group participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Active rTMS (n\u2009=\u200930; 60% male; mean age\u2009=\u200962.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.5\u2009years) significantly improved OABSS (mean difference [MD]\u2009=\u20091.81\u2009points, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.42-2.20],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), I-QOL (MD\u2009=\u200917.48\u2009points, 95% CI [14.18-20.79],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and BRS (MD\u2009=\u20090.25\u2009points, 95% CI [0.09-0.41],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), at weeks 4 and 8 compared to sham (n\u2009=\u200930; 47% male; mean age\u2009=\u200961.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u2009years). Active rTMS was associated with lower societal costs (HK$1267.3 vs HK$1839.0) and higher QALYs (0.691 vs 0.571) than sham. Qualitative data indicated excellent tolerability, symptom relief, and acceptability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-frequency rTMS is clinically effective, safe, acceptable, and potentially cost-saving for post-stroke neurogenic OAB. Larger trials with active comparators and extended follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This trial was registered at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (reference number: NCT05557175) before the recruitment of the first participant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683261432087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:18:37Z","timestamp":1777529917000},"page":"603-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Efficacy and Preliminary Cost-Utility of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Sham Stimulation for Neurogenic Overactive Bladder in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9266-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Usman","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N.K.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Research Centre for Assistive Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg S.","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.4.886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2024.111300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.2.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10114"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Coyne KS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coyne KS, Wein A, Nicholson S, Kvasz M, Chen C-I, Milsom I. 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