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Naomaili granules (NML), a proprietary Chinese medicine modified from Buyang Huanwu Decoction, has significant beneficial effects in treating IS. The present study demonstrated that NML significantly narrowed the volume of cerebral infarction in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)\/reperfusion (R), and in addition, improved their neurological function and reduced neuronal cell damage. Moreover, NML suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in MCAO\/R rats and attenuated cellular pyroptosis by inhibiting the Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)\/pyrin pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion-induced ER stress in rat cortical neurons and may mediate pyroptosis of the cortical neurons through RhoA\/pyrin. Meanwhile, NML reduced neuronal death and improved neurological function in rats by inhibiting ER stress and the RhoA\/pyrin cellular pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15491684251405810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T08:16:28Z","timestamp":1766736988000},"page":"106-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Naomaili Granules Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and RhoA\/Pyrin Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 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