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Abnormalities have been seen in brain structure volume, white matter quality, and activation to cognitive tasks, even in youth with as little as 1\u20132 years of heavy drinking and consumption levels of 20 drinks per month, especially if &gt;4\u20135 drinks are consumed on a single occasion. Heavy marijuana users show some subtle anomalies too, but generally not the same degree of divergence from demographically similar non-using adolescents. This article reviews the extant literature on neurocognition, brain structure, and brain function in adolescent substance users with an emphasis on the most commonly used substances, and in the context of ongoing neuromaturational processes. Methodological and treatment implications are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1329926598000},"page":"31-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":441,"title":["The Influence of Substance Use on Adolescent Brain Development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"L.M.","family":"Squeglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, VA San Diego Healthcare System University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Jacobus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, VA San Diego Healthcare System University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.F.","family":"Tapert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, VA San Diego Healthcare System University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-155005940904000110","first-page":"125","volume":"27","author":"Oscar-Berman M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"bibr2-155005940904000110","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings","author":"Johnston LD","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr3-155005940904000110","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 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