{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:31:52Z","timestamp":1781893912358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH110470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH110470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin EEG Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>People with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit visual processing abnormalities that affect their daily functioning and remediating these deficits might help to improve functioning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential tool for perceptual enhancement for this purpose, though there are no reports of tDCS applied to visual cortex in SZ. In a within-subject, crossover design, we evaluated the effects of tDCS on visual processing in 27 SZ. All patients received anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation over the central occipital region in 3 visits separated by 1 week. In each visit, a backward masking task and an electroencephalography measure of visual neuroplasticity were administered after tDCS. Neuroplasticity was assessed with visual evoked potentials before and after tetanizing visual high-frequency stimulation. Masking performance was significantly poorer in the anodal and cathodal conditions compared with sham. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation increased the amplitude of P1 but did not change the plasticity index. We found significant plasticity effects of tDCS for only one waveform for one stimulation condition (P2 for anodal tDCS) which did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. The reason for the lack of tDCS stimulation effects on plasticity may be because tDCS was not delivered simultaneously with the tetanizing visual stimulus. The present findings emphasize the need for more research on the relevant parameters for stimulation of visual processing regions in clinical populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420925697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T13:59:14Z","timestamp":1590674354000},"page":"382-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Visual Neuroplasticity in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Carol","family":"Jahshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1763-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Mathalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409336227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1752-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p5872"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-016-1224-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2453-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2011-0607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00181-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0733-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805413106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5\u2014Research Version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, Research Version; SCID-5-RV)","author":"First MB","year":"2015","unstructured":"First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5\u2014Research Version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, Research Version; SCID-5-RV). American Psychiatric Association; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00038-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)","volume":"3","author":"Ventura J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ventura J, Lukoff D, Nuechterlein KH, Liberman RL, Green MF, Shaner A. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Int J Methods Psychiatric Res. 1993;3:227\u2013243.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatric Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)","author":"Andreasen NC.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa; 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00756338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04007.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(83)90135-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"2984","article-title":"Cortical thickness of functionally defined visual areas in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"27","author":"Reavis EA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reavis EA, Lee J, Wynn JK, Engel SA, Jimenez AM, Green MF. Cortical thickness of functionally defined visual areas in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cereb Cortex. 2017;27:2984\u20132993.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0761-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/16.6.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1459-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.12.005"}],"container-title":["Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550059420925697","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1550059420925697","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550059420925697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:13:49Z","timestamp":1777403629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1550059420925697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1550059420925697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550059420925697","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-0594","2169-5202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-0594","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-5202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]}}}