{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:18:58Z","timestamp":1782904738455,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin EEG Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background. Titrating hypnotic agents for patients who suffer from a cerebral insult is a challenging task. To date there is no real gold standard to precisely quantify electroencephalography (EEG) response in a fashion that could be utilized for patients with post\u2013cerebral hemorrhage hydrocephaly. While we must administer \u201cas per usual\u201d analgesics for noxious stimuli, we have to administer the hypnotic agents more \u201csparingly\u201d due to lack of objective monitoring. Methods. We compared 15 adult post\u2013cerebral hemorrhage hydrocephalus patients undergoing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement with 15 controls matched for gender and approximate age. We set propofol target controlled infusion estimated plasma concentrations (C\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to gradually reach 4 \u00b5g\/mL over 4 minutes. To precisely quantify post\u2013cerebral hemorrhage mental dysfunction, we used electronically retrieved bispectral index (BIS) and propofol C\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    data points to create individual inhibitory monophasic mathematical model for each patient that incorporates an independent hysteresis \u201clag\u201d function. Results. In post\u2013cerebral hemorrhage patients C\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    -BIS curve, C\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (propofol concentration associated with inhibitory 50% BIS response) cutoff point was significantly shifted to the left by 39%. Whereas before infusion and at stable propofol 4 \u00b5g\/mL aneurismal surgical sides ipsilateral (75 \u00b1 13, 25 \u00b1 9) and contralateral (73 \u00b1 15, 27 \u00b1 9) mean \u00b1 SD BIS values were significantly lower than ipsilateral (95 \u00b1 3, 46 \u00b1 12) and contralateral (94 \u00b1 3, 46 \u00b1 12) matched controls. Conclusions. Using BIS as surrogate marker of propofol hypnotic effect, BIS monitoring in patients with post\u2013cerebral hemorrhage hydrocephaly showed a pattern of change and trend that was similar albeit 39% significantly lower than subjects without.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420932042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T02:46:37Z","timestamp":1591929997000},"page":"351-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Propofol\u2013Bispectral Index (BIS) Electroencephalography (EEG) Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model in Patients With Post\u2013Cerebral Hemorrhage Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf A.","family":"Dahaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacometrics, Shanghai Qiangshi Information Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Reibnegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-Loewi Research Center for Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing Quan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of 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