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Yet, still unknown is whether neural and behavioral effects of cancer exist prior to treatment, which may contribute to later cognitive decline. The current study investigated pre-treatment differences in attention performance and frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an established neural index of inhibitory control, in non-metastatic breast cancer patients ( n\u2009=\u200942) compared with healthy controls ( n\u2009=\u200928). We additionally investigated whether differences between groups appear in specific cuing conditions and across different stages of information processing. Participants underwent EEG while completing the Attention Network Task (ANT), a cognitive measure of alerting, orienting, and inhibitory control of attention. Results revealed no behavioral differences between patients and controls but significantly greater right-hemisphere alpha activity (reduced inhibitory control) in patients, particularly to uninformative (no cue, double cue) versus informative (valid cue) cues and in later stages of information processing (400\u2013800\u2005ms post-stimulus). Results suggest neural differences between groups to uncertain stimulus environments that have yet to manifest behaviorally. FAA may thus serve as a unique neural correlate that could potentially be used to predict later cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594221074860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T07:56:15Z","timestamp":1643961375000},"page":"189-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pre-Treatment Breast Cancer Patients Show Neural Differences in Frontal Alpha Asymmetry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Neelam","family":"Prashad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9859-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Melara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of New York, New York, 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