{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:56:48Z","timestamp":1777571808298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin EEG Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stimulus induced repetitive periodic or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) are a commonly observed EEG pattern in critically ill patients. However, the epileptic significance of SIRPIDs remain unclear. We identified and reviewed 55 cases with SIRPIDs according to the ACNS criteria. SIRPIDs occurred after standardized painful stimuli during a standard 20-minute EEG. These cases were investigated regarding their relation to non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) according to Salzburg Consensus Criteria and in-hospital mortality. In 37\/55 patients (67.3%), SIRPIDs were associated with NCSE. In most patients (26\/37 cases, 70.3%) with concurrent status epilepticus, SIRPIDs occurred after status epilepticus (on average 4.8 days later), but in 3\/37 patients (8.1%) they were observed before a later status epilepticus. In four cases (4\/37 cases, 10.8%), SIRPIDs appeared both before and after an episode of NCSE and in other four cases the two patterns coexisted in the same EEG. In 50% of the patients, status epilepticus was refractory, super-refractory or the patient died before its resolution. The overall mortality in the cohort was high at 58.2%. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that SIRPIDs might represent a state with increased epileptogenic potential, commonly co-occurring with NCSE. Furthermore, SIRPIDs are associated with therapy-refractory course of status epilepticus and high mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594221095434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T03:50:03Z","timestamp":1651031403000},"page":"247-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges (SIRPIDs) and its Association with Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Capecchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"di Giacopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Mothershill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Epilepsy Clinic, Klinik Lengg AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas L.","family":"Imbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Epilepsy Clinic, Klinik Lengg AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000374"},{"key":"bibr2-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.09.006"},{"key":"bibr3-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000434"},{"key":"bibr4-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000580"},{"key":"bibr5-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806"},{"key":"bibr6-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNP.0000158699.78529.AF"},{"key":"bibr7-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105980"},{"key":"bibr8-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16377"},{"key":"bibr9-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00290-8"},{"key":"bibr10-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.38103.x"},{"key":"bibr11-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42494-020-00021-1"},{"key":"bibr12-15500594221095434","first-page":"210","volume":"29","author":"Lee JW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epileptologie"},{"key":"bibr13-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e318231c00a"},{"key":"bibr14-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000090"},{"key":"bibr15-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0006"},{"key":"bibr16-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4990"},{"key":"bibr17-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2011.0463"},{"key":"bibr18-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9728-7"},{"key":"bibr19-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.017"},{"key":"bibr20-15500594221095434","unstructured":"Shorvon S, Trinka EIII. London-Innsbruck Colloquium on status epilepticus, Oxford, 7\u20139th April 2011."},{"key":"bibr21-15500594221095434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70187-9"},{"key":"bibr22-15500594221095434","volume-title":"Experimentelle Epilepsieforschung","author":"Speckmann EJ","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15500594221095434","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15500594221095434","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15500594221095434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:14:17Z","timestamp":1777403657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15500594221095434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15500594221095434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15500594221095434","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-0594","2169-5202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-0594","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-5202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}}}