{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:41:42Z","timestamp":1787510502989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin EEG Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.The pathophysiology of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) is still a matter of debate. Visual system might be precociously altered, especially for its cholinergic connections. We thus studied patients with aMCI compared to AD with paired-pulse flash-visual evoked potentials (paired-F-VEPs), a putative marker of cholinergic function. Methods. We enrolled 12 adult patients with aMCI and 12 with AD. 14 normal age- and sex-matched subjects acted as controls (HS). Stimuli were single flashes, with interspersed random flash pairs at critical interstimulus intervals (ISIs, 16.5 to 125\u2005ms) with closed eyes. The \u201csingle\u201d (unconditioned) F-VEP was split into a \u201cmain complex\u201d (50 to 200\u2005ms after the flash) and a \u201clate response\u201d (200 to 400\u2005ms). As for paired stimulation, the \u201ctest\u201d F-VEP emerged from electronic subtraction of the \u201csingle\u201d F-VEP from the \u201cpaired\u201d-F-VEP. Results. In the single F-VEP, P2 latency was prolonged in patients (aMCI and AD) compared to HS ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). As to the paired F-VEPs, in aMCI the \u201clate response\u201d normal inhibition was abolished at ISIs 50\u201362.5\u2005ms ( p\u2009\u2264\u2009.016), compared to AD and controls. No changes were detected for the \u201cmain complex\u201d. Conclusions. Paired-F-VEPs demonstrate a defective neural inhibition in the visual system of patients with aMCI at critical intervals. It may represent a compensatory mechanism against neuronal loss, the failure of which may be involved in AD development. Paired-F-VEPs may warrant inclusion in future preclinical\/clinical studies, to evaluate its potential role in the pathophysiology and management of aMCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594221136856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:17:52Z","timestamp":1667445472000},"page":"347-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impaired Visual Inhibition in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gionata","family":"Strigaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Zoccola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vinassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Avino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Varrasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cantello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8"},{"key":"bibr2-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.024"},{"key":"bibr3-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4117"},{"key":"bibr4-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.09.005"},{"key":"bibr5-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/JNP.15.2.175"},{"key":"bibr6-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)00333-A"},{"key":"bibr7-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.01.008"},{"key":"bibr8-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03411.x"},{"key":"bibr9-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.12.013"},{"key":"bibr10-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"bibr11-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"bibr12-15500594221136856","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr13-15500594221136856","unstructured":"Wechsler D. 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