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In this case report, we describe a patient with refractory focal temporal lobe epilepsy associated with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, where epileptic activity originated from the right hippocampus and led to swearing when the left hippocampus and amygdala were secondarily activated. We aim to analyze the role of the bilateral paralimbic temporal network in ictal swearing and propose potential pathways for the expression of ictal swearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594251410726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T16:10:18Z","timestamp":1767111018000},"page":"265-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epileptic Networks Underlying Ictal Swearing: Evidence from a Stereoelectroencephalography Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8980-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2407-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3456-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594241247108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2013.0624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116634"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.21016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joepi-2015-0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04091-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18524"}],"container-title":["Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15500594251410726","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15500594251410726","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15500594251410726","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:12:25Z","timestamp":1777403545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15500594251410726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15500594251410726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15500594251410726","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-0594","2169-5202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-0594","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-5202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]}}}