{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:56Z","timestamp":1792787756142,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2025-25441828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25441828"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin EEG Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurobiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, yet current treatment approaches \u2014 predominantly behavioral and communicative \u2014 pharmacological option limited to symptomatic relief, with limited benefit for individuals with more severe presentations. Here we report an 8-year-old male with ASD presenting with social withdrawal, anxiety, and self-injurious behavior (SIB), who underwent quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)-guided deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) over 40 sessions. Baseline qEEG demonstrated generalized cortical hyperexcitability \u2014 characterized by elevated absolute power across most frequency bands and diffuse coherence elevation \u2014 consistent with a maturational lag pattern previously described in ASD. We hypothesized that this profile might offer a neurobiological rationale for BDNF-activating neuromodulatory approach via dTMS. Serial qEEG assessments every 10 sessions enabled quantitative monitoring of treatment response; introduction of the H7 coil from the 21st session associated with subsequent delta reduction and partial resolution of central\/posterior high-beta activity. CARS-2 scores decreased from 34 at baseline to 20 at treatment completion \u2014 a 41% reduction, representing a shift to the non-autistic range \u2014 coinciding with reduced anxiety-related behaviors, improved language, and overall reduction in SIB. This case illustrates the potential dual utility of qEEG as a neurophysiological profiling tool and a quantitative biomarker of treatment response, contributing preliminary evidence for the clinical utility of dTMS in ASD and highlighting the value of neurophysiologically informed, precision-based approach to psychiatric care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594261474265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:23:17Z","timestamp":1791458597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serial qEEG as a Neurophysiological Profiling and Treatment Monitoring Tool in dTMS-Treated Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2706-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harin","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Neuroen, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7907-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Neuroen, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Easybrain Psychiatry Network, Gangnam Main Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183x.2003.00037.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01916-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"422","article-title":"On the application of quantitative EEG for characterizing autistic brain: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Billeci L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Billeci L, Sicca F, Maharatna K, et al. On the application of quantitative EEG for characterizing autistic brain: A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7(1):422. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00442","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02681-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1531694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Schopler E Van Bourgondien ME Wellman GJ Love SR. Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS-2). Western Psychological Services. 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn12-030007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15540\/nr.10.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"BrainsWay Ltd. BrainsWay H-Coil Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation System. Published online 2013. https:\/\/www.brainsway.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2021.2013803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858412438697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01027-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00273"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"52839","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced plasticity mechanisms: TMS-related gene expression and morphology changes in a human neuron-like cell model","volume":"13","author":"Thomson AC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomson AC, Kenis G, Tielens S, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced plasticity mechanisms: TMS-related gene expression and morphology changes in a human neuron-like cell model. 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