{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:47:24Z","timestamp":1762508844981,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62162016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62162016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019GXNSFGA245004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFGA245004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020GXNSFBA297076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFBA297076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Young Innovative Talent of Guangxi","award":["Guike AD20238082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD20238082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Lightweight ciphers are often used as the underlying encryption algorithm in resource-constrained devices. Their cryptographic security is a mandatory goal for ensuring the security of data transmission. Differential cryptanalysis is one of the most fundamental methods applicable primarily to block ciphers, and the resistance against this type of cryptanalysis is a necessary design criterion. ANU-II is an ultra-lightweight block cipher proposed in 2017, whose design offers many advantages such as the use of fewer hardware resources (logic gates), low power consumption and fast encryption for Internet of Things devices. The designers of ANU-II claimed its resistance against differential cryptanalysis and postulated that the design is safe enough for Internet of Things devices. However, as addressed in this article, the security claims made by designers appear not to be well grounded. Using mixed-integer linear programming\u2013like techniques, we identify one-round differential characteristic that holds with probability 1, which is then efficiently employed in mounting the key recovery attack on full-round ANU-II with only 2<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> chosen plaintexts and 2<jats:sup>62.4<\/jats:sup> full-round encryptions. The result shows that the designers\u2019 security evaluation of ANU-II against differential cryptanalysis is incorrect and the design rationale is flawed. To remedy this weakness, we provide an improved variant of ANU-II, which has much better resistance to differential cryptanalysis without affecting the hardware and\/or software implementation cost. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15501329221119398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T08:32:19Z","timestamp":1662193939000},"page":"155013292211193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential cryptanalysis of full-round ANU-II ultra-lightweight block cipher"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7490-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingchen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongzhuang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enes","family":"Pasalic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"},{"name":"FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-15501329221119398","first-page":"40","volume":"2","author":"Wu CK.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cryptol Res"},{"first-page":"450","volume-title":"Proceedings of the cryptographic hardware and embedded systems (CHES)","author":"Bogdanov A","key":"bibr2-15501329221119398"},{"first-page":"327","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th international conference on applied cryptography and network security (ACNS)","author":"Wu W","key":"bibr3-15501329221119398"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM\/EDAC\/IEEE design automation conference (DAC)","author":"Beaulieu R","key":"bibr4-15501329221119398"},{"key":"bibr5-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.12.023"},{"key":"bibr6-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00630563"},{"first-page":"57","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th international conference on information security and cryptology (Inscrypt)","author":"Mouha N","key":"bibr7-15501329221119398"},{"key":"bibr8-15501329221119398","unstructured":"Sun S, Hu L, Wang M, et al. Towards finding the best characteristics of some bit-oriented block ciphers and automatic enumeration of (related-key) differential and linear characteristics with predefined properties, https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2014\/747 (2015, accessed 8 February 2015)."},{"key":"bibr9-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-52993-5_14"},{"key":"bibr10-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tosc.v2017.i4.99-129"},{"key":"bibr11-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tosc.v2018.i3.124-162"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr12-15501329221119398","first-page":"438","volume":"2019","author":"Zhou C","year":"2019","journal-title":"IACR Trans Symmet Cryptol"},{"first-page":"219","volume-title":"Proceedings of the annual international cryptology conference (CRYPTO)","author":"Liu F","key":"bibr13-15501329221119398"},{"key":"bibr14-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tosc.v2021.i1.156-184"},{"key":"bibr15-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.1692"},{"key":"bibr16-15501329221119398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93387-0_22"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the international conference on big data, IoT and data science (BID)","author":"Dahiphale V","key":"bibr17-15501329221119398"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr18-15501329221119398","first-page":"1470","volume":"41","author":"Wang H","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Chin Comput Syst"},{"first-page":"158","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th international conference on the theory and application of cryptology and information security (ASIACRYPT)","author":"Sun S","key":"bibr19-15501329221119398"},{"key":"bibr20-15501329221119398","unstructured":"SageMath, http:\/\/www.sagemath.org\/index.html"},{"first-page":"150","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference for information technology and communications (SecITC)","author":"Sasaki Y","key":"bibr21-15501329221119398"},{"key":"bibr22-15501329221119398","unstructured":"Gurobi optimizer 9.1.2, http:\/\/www.gurobi.com"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15501329221119398","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15501329221119398","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15501329221119398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T08:32:39Z","timestamp":1662193959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15501329221119398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15501329221119398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15501329221119398","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-1329"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-1477"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}