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Non-orthogonal multiple access, an effective approach for sharing the same radio resources, has been highlighted as a viable technology in the fifth-generation wireless networks to achieve the demands of available bandwidth, user connectivity, and application latency. Non-orthogonal multiple access and heterogeneous networks have recently emerged as promising network infrastructures for enhancing the spectrum capacity and accommodating more users by sharing the same resources with high throughput. This potential capability has made the non-orthogonal multiple access\u2013enabled heterogeneous networks a new research topic in the modern era. In this survey, the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access and its significance in different emerging technologies has been well explored. Furthermore, this survey covers a systematic overview of the state-of the-art techniques based on non-orthogonal multiple access\u2013enabled heterogeneous networks and devising taxonomy for uplink non-orthogonal multiple access\u2013enabled heterogeneous networks. In addition, this survey provides critical insights and identifies several open research challenges considering the uplink non-orthogonal multiple access\u2013enabled heterogeneous networks. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15501329221132496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1666097111000},"page":"155013292211324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Uplink non-orthogonal multiple access in heterogeneous networks: A review of recent advances and open research challenges"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2349-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Inayatullah","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Arbab Waheed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PAF-IAST, Haripur, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Gamil","family":"Abdel Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6211486"},{"key":"bibr2-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2927561"},{"key":"bibr3-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.5876496"},{"key":"bibr4-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1700074"},{"key":"bibr5-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2753380"},{"key":"bibr6-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2816923"},{"key":"bibr7-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3081601"},{"key":"bibr8-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235307"},{"key":"bibr9-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2016.0011"},{"key":"bibr10-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2716921"},{"key":"bibr11-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2788406"},{"key":"bibr12-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2550338"},{"key":"bibr13-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5394036"},{"key":"bibr14-15501329221132496","first-page":"6325","volume":"4","author":"Ali MS","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"bibr15-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8111355"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr16-15501329221132496","volume":"29","author":"Basharat M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol"},{"key":"bibr17-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2725519"},{"key":"bibr18-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.107950"},{"key":"bibr19-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2763623"},{"key":"bibr20-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2407355"},{"key":"bibr21-15501329221132496","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3855"},{"key":"bibr22-15501329221132496","unstructured":"Kalokidou V, Johnson O, Piechocki R. 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