{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:06:08Z","timestamp":1778871968643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this article, we propose two new routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. First one is AM-DisCNT (angular multi-hop distance\u2013based clustering network transmission) protocol which uses circular deployment of sensors (nodes) for uniform energy consumption in the network. The protocol operates in such a way that nodes with maximum residual energy are selected as cluster heads for each round. Second one is iAM-DisCNT (improved AM-DisCNT) protocol which exploits both mobile and static base stations for throughput maximization. Besides the proposition of routing protocols, iAM-DisCNT is provided with three mathematical models: two linear-programming-based models for information flow maximization and packet drop rate minimization and one model for calculating energy consumption of nodes. Graphical analysis for linear-programming-based mathematical formulation is also part of this work. Simulation results show that AM-DisCNT has 32% and iAM-DisCNT has 48% improved stability period as compared to LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and DEEC (distributed energy-efficient clustering) routing protocols. Similarly, throughput of AM-DisCNT and iAM-DisCNT is improved by 16% and 80%, respectively, in comparison with the counterpart schemes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716662945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:58:39Z","timestamp":1473209919000},"page":"155014771666294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A multi-hop angular routing protocol for wireless sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Akbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, AlMuzahmiah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areeba","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahzad","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iftikhar Azim","family":"Niaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4"},{"key":"bibr2-1550147716662945","first-page":"8","volume":"2013","author":"Ma C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Distrib Sens N"},{"key":"bibr3-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2013.051390"},{"key":"bibr4-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-010-0163-5"},{"key":"bibr5-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2187440"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2328613"},{"key":"bibr8-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2011.037853"},{"key":"bibr9-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2227704"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr10-1550147716662945","first-page":"305","volume":"93","author":"Jin W","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEICE T Commun"},{"key":"bibr11-1550147716662945","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on broadband and wireless computing, communication and applications (BWCCA13)","author":"Rao A"},{"key":"bibr12-1550147716662945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2000.926982"},{"key":"bibr13-1550147716662945","unstructured":"Heinzelman WB. 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