{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1761718520644},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Bluetooth low-energy\u2013based beacons have two different roles: \u201cbroadcasting\u201d (by beacon device) and \u201creceiving\u201d (by sensing devices). It allows devices to receive information over a short distance. Thus, many researchers are actively investigating positioning methods that use beacons. However, the distance value of positioning in the existing methods is not always accurate. This article proposes a novel three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy\u2013based beacons. While the conventional methods measure distances by obtaining two-dimensional coordinates [Formula: see text] through the received signal strength indicator value, the proposed method improves the measurement accuracy by obtaining three-dimensional coordinate values [Formula: see text]. Finally, while comparing the performance of this new method with that of existing methods, the proposed three-dimensional positioning system reduces the positioning error rate by 27.3% compared to the existing two-dimensional triangulation method. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716671720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T01:42:54Z","timestamp":1475631774000},"page":"155014771667172","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy beacons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hyunwook","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Sunghyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147716671720","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on software, telecommunications and computer networks","author":"Mainetti L"},{"key":"bibr2-1550147716671720","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific rim conference on communications, computers and signal processing","author":"Shan G"},{"key":"bibr3-1550147716671720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7840\/kics.2013.38B.1.80"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147716671720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.905750"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147716671720","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 3rd global conference on consumer electronics","author":"Kajioka S"},{"key":"bibr9-1550147716671720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.11.018"},{"key":"bibr10-1550147716671720","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international conference on systems, signals, and image processing","author":"Oksar I. 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