{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:50:05Z","timestamp":1785286205185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks, messages for sensor data are delivered using opportunistic contacts between intermittently connected nodes. Since there is no stable end-to-end routing path like the Internet and mobile nodes operate on battery, an energy-efficient routing protocol is needed. In this article, we consider the probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity protocol as the base protocol. Then, we propose an energy-aware routing protocol in intermittently connected delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks, where messages are forwarded based on the node\u2019s remaining battery, delivery predictability, and type of nodes. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with that of probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity and probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity with periodic sleep in detail, from the aspects of delivery ratio, overhead ratio, delivery latency, and ratio of alive nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better delivery probability, overhead ratio, and ratio of alive nodes, in most of the considered parameter settings, in spite of a small increase in delivery latency. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147717717389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T14:15:20Z","timestamp":1510064120000},"page":"155014771771738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A novel energy-aware routing protocol in intermittently connected delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Min Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147717717389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2013.10.003"},{"key":"bibr2-1550147717717389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-1550147717717389","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Kaur M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global J Comput Sci Tech"},{"key":"bibr5-1550147717717389","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 international conference on communication networks (ICCN)","author":"Rajpoot N"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147717717389","volume-title":"Proceedings of the symposium on colossal data analysis and networking (CDAN)","author":"Agarwal N"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147717717389","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 international conference on wireless networks and mobile 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