{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:58:33Z","timestamp":1778695113275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61374214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61374214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> With the booming development of green lighting technology, visible light-based indoor localization has attracted a lot of attention. Visible light-based indoor positioning technology leverages a light propagation model to pinpoint target location. Compared with the radio localization technology, visible light-based indoor positioning not only can achieve higher location accuracy, but also no electromagnetic interference. In this article, we propose LIPOS, a three-dimensional indoor positioning system based on attitude identification and visible light propagation model. The LIPOS system takes advantage of the existing lighting infrastructures to localize mobile devices that have light-sensing capabilities (e.g. a smartphone) using light emitting diode lamps as anchors. The system can accurately identify the attitude of a smartphone using its integrated sensors, distinguish different light emitting diode beacons using the fast Fourier transform algorithm, construct a position cost-function based on a visible light radiative decay model, and apply a nonlinear optimizing method to acquire the optimal estimation of final location. We have implemented the LIPOS system and evaluated it with a small-scale hardware testbed, as well as moderate-sized simulations. Extensive experiments are performed in three representative indoor environments\u2014open-plan office, cubicle, and corridor, which not only demonstrate that the LIPOS can effectively avoid the negative effects of dynamic change of a smartphone\u2019s attitude angle, but also show better locating accuracy and robustness, and obtain sub-meter level positioning accuracy. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718758263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T14:36:28Z","timestamp":1518705388000},"page":"155014771875826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Light positioning: A high-accuracy visible light indoor positioning system based on attitude identification and propagation 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