{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:31:56Z","timestamp":1771637516747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51274011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51274011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51404008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51404008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61472003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In view of the requirement on time synchronization for a kind of typical wireless sensor networks with long-chain-type topologies, taking into account the three-dimensional network model currently used by the localization algorithms, one feasible time synchronization algorithm is proposed in this article. Under the three-dimensional topology, nodes in the wireless sensor networks are divided into three kinds: the sensing nodes, the relay nodes, and the measured nodes. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of these three kinds of nodes, with the introduction of the pairwise broadcast synchronization and the series multi-hop synchronization protocol, the estimation of the clock offset and the clock skew of all the nodes in the wireless sensor networks are performed by virtue of the joint maximum likelihood and the least-squares method, thus the time synchronization of the wireless sensor networks with long-chain-type topology is solved. Moreover, the sink node evaluates the network periodically and adjusts the synchronizing cycle based on the difference between the network synchronization error and the given synchronization accuracy. The feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are analyzed by simulations from the synchronization accuracy, the number of synchronization message, and the synchronizing cycle points of view. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718797824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T05:29:08Z","timestamp":1537248548000},"page":"155014771879782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time synchronization for long-chain-type wireless sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China"}]},{"given":"Yourui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4"},{"key":"bibr2-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.05.008"},{"key":"bibr3-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/774763.774787"},{"key":"bibr4-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.11.045"},{"key":"bibr5-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1498915.1498916"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2015.12.009"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169066"},{"key":"bibr8-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060835"},{"issue":"1044","key":"bibr9-1550147718797824","first-page":"264","volume":"2008","author":"Chehri A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antennas Propag"},{"key":"bibr10-1550147718797824","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Proceedings of the conference on computer communications (INFO-COM)","author":"Vuran MC"},{"key":"bibr11-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/844128.844143"},{"key":"bibr12-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2008.060184"},{"key":"bibr13-1550147718797824","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on embedded networked sensor systems","author":"Mar\u00f3ti M"},{"key":"bibr14-1550147718797824","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international conference on information processing in sensor networks","author":"Ferrari F"},{"key":"bibr15-1550147718797824","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st international conference on embedded networked sensor systems","author":"Ganeriwal S"},{"key":"bibr16-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080112"},{"key":"bibr17-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20090924-3-IT-4005.00006"},{"key":"bibr18-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2017.2697683"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr19-1550147718797824","first-page":"388","volume":"2013","author":"Zhao D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Distrib Sens Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr20-1550147718797824","first-page":"1253","volume":"27","author":"Cui LZ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Sens Actuat"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr21-1550147718797824","first-page":"232","volume":"40","author":"Chen ZP","year":"2015","journal-title":"J China Coal Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr22-1550147718797824","first-page":"418","volume":"16","author":"Cui LZ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J PLA Univ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-1550147718797824","first-page":"603","volume":"39","author":"Meng XR","year":"2014","journal-title":"J China Coal Soc"},{"key":"bibr24-1550147718797824","first-page":"8454","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Chinese control conference","author":"Wang Z"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr25-1550147718797824","first-page":"333","volume":"35","author":"Zhou GB","year":"2010","journal-title":"J China Coal Soc"},{"key":"bibr26-1550147718797824","first-page":"7512","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th IEEE conference on decision and control and European control conference (CDC-ECC)","author":"Carli R"},{"key":"bibr27-1550147718797824","first-page":"6105","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd annual conference on decision and control (CDC)","author":"Seyboth GS"},{"key":"bibr28-1550147718797824","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on information processing in sensor networks","author":"Sommer P"},{"key":"bibr29-1550147718797824","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the global telecommunications conference","author":"Noh KL"},{"key":"bibr30-1550147718797824","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.10.009"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147718797824","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1550147718797824","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147718797824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T09:45:07Z","timestamp":1607507107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1550147718797824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1550147718797824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550147718797824","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1477","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}