{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:32:36Z","timestamp":1777415556994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"ministry of education and science of the russian federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2.3397.2017\/4.6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.3397.2017\/4.6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Unmanned aerial vehicle is one of the main announced use cases of 5G\/IMT2020, which is expected to have various applications in many fields. These devices have limited capabilities in terms of energy and processing. Due to the complex structure of unmanned aerial vehicle networks and the high mobility constraints, design of efficient routing protocol, for supporting such network, is a challenge. Thus, efficient routing of data among unmanned aerial vehicles between source and destination is an important issue in designing unmanned aerial vehicle networks. Proactive routing protocols are one of the main categories of routing protocols developed for mobile ad hoc networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. Optimized link state routing protocol is one of the most common proactive routing protocols that has been modified to support unmanned aerial vehicle networks, considering high mobility feature of the network. In this work, we propose a latency and energy-efficient proactive routing protocol for dense unmanned aerial vehicle networks, with high-density devices, based on optimized link state routing protocol algorithm, referred to as multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol. The proposed routing protocol is topology aware and can be used for low-latency and high-mobility applications. The proposed multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol routing algorithm considers all modified versions of optimized link state routing protocol and introduces a novel method for selecting multipoint relay nodes that considers the traffic load on the communication channel and the load on each unmanned aerial vehicle node. Moreover, the proposed algorithm considers the communication link stability and the energy constraints. The system is simulated over a reliable environment for various scenarios, and it is compared to the original optimized link state routing protocol and its modified versions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol achieves higher efficiency in terms of latency, energy, and reliability. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719866392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T03:08:04Z","timestamp":1566961684000},"page":"155014771986639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Latency and energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhamied A","family":"Ateya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Muthanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Gudkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Informatics Problems, Federal Research Center \u201cComputer Science and Control\u201d of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Gaidamaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Informatics Problems, Federal Research Center \u201cComputer Science and Control\u201d of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer D","family":"Algarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700451"},{"key":"bibr4-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2017.10.003"},{"key":"bibr5-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600238CM"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2018.032501511"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147719866392","first-page":"228","volume-title":"2017 18th international carpathian control conference (ICCC)","author":"Vidal VF"},{"key":"bibr8-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2015.2481560"},{"key":"bibr9-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME)","author":"Mademlis I"},{"key":"bibr10-1550147719866392","first-page":"184","volume-title":"2016 46th annual IEEE\/IFIP international conference on dependable systems and networks workshop","author":"Marconato EA"},{"key":"bibr11-1550147719866392","first-page":"1191","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM international on conference on information and knowledge management","author":"Kenter T"},{"key":"bibr12-1550147719866392","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Joint ERCIM eMobility and MobiSense workshop","author":"Zhao Z"},{"key":"bibr13-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2495297"},{"key":"bibr14-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67380-6_53"},{"key":"bibr15-1550147719866392","author":"Jacquet P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Performance analysis of OLSR multipoint relay flooding in two ad hoc wireless network models"},{"key":"bibr16-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.12.004"},{"key":"bibr17-1550147719866392","first-page":"347","volume-title":"2008 international conference on apperceiving computing and intelligence analysis (ICACIA 2008)","author":"Zhang K"},{"key":"bibr18-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2015 federated conference on computer science and information systems (FedCSIS)","author":"Tareque MH"},{"key":"bibr19-1550147719866392","first-page":"4417","volume-title":"2007 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC 2007)","author":"Cheng CM"},{"key":"bibr20-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2013.2248146"},{"key":"bibr21-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2017.04.001"},{"key":"bibr22-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3240-y"},{"key":"bibr23-1550147719866392","first-page":"1367","volume-title":"In: 2013 IEEE Globecom workshops (GC Wkshps)","author":"Rosati S"},{"key":"bibr24-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2014 7th IFIP wireless and mobile networking conference (WMNC)","author":"Biomo JD"},{"key":"bibr25-1550147719866392","first-page":"1158","volume-title":"2011 IEEE Globecom workshops (GC Wkshps)","author":"Zang C"},{"key":"bibr26-1550147719866392","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems","author":"Albani D"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr27-1550147719866392","first-page":"48","volume":"6","author":"Alshabtat AI","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Elec Comput Eng"},{"key":"bibr28-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2014 international conference on information and communications technologies (ICT 2014)","author":"Zheng Y"},{"key":"bibr29-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE international conference on computer and communication engineering technology (CCET)","author":"Li C"},{"key":"bibr30-1550147719866392","volume":"454","author":"Jen YC","year":"2008","journal-title":"United States Patent application US 11\/902"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr31-1550147719866392","first-page":"839","volume":"12","author":"Csisz\u00e1r V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Math Inequal Appl"},{"key":"bibr32-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51204-4_7"},{"key":"bibr33-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7"},{"key":"bibr34-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20532\/cit.2016.1002497"},{"key":"bibr35-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peva.2017.08.001"},{"key":"bibr36-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/431013"},{"key":"bibr37-1550147719866392","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Recent advances in information and communication technology 2017: proceedings of the 13th international conference on computing and information technology","author":"Rungtaveesak M","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr38-1550147719866392","first-page":"71","volume-title":"2018 IEEE 4th international conference on collaboration and Internet computing (CIC)","author":"Pu C"},{"key":"bibr39-1550147719866392","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Proceedings of 21st international conference on distributed computer and communication networks, DCCN 2018","volume":"919","author":"Koucheryavy A"},{"key":"bibr40-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE 28th annual international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC)","author":"Seliem H"},{"key":"bibr41-1550147719866392","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2018 5th international multi-topic ICT conference (IMTIC)","author":"Khan MA"},{"key":"bibr42-1550147719866392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700323"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147719866392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1550147719866392","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147719866392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T17:40:00Z","timestamp":1569260400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1550147719866392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1550147719866392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550147719866392","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1477","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}