{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:49:21Z","timestamp":1747194561182,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61672498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> High-precision in-vehicle localization is the basis for both in-vehicle location-based service and the analysis of the driver or passengers\u2019 behaviors. However, interferences like effects of multipath and reflection of the signals significantly raise great challenges to the positioning accuracy at in-vehicle environment. This article presents a novel high-precision in-vehicle localization method, namely, the LOC-in-a-Car, based on functional exploration and full use of multi-channel received signal strength indicator of Bluetooth Low Energy. To achieve higher positioning precision, a hierarchical computation algorithm based on Adaboost and support vector machine is proposed in our method. In particular, we also proposed a device calibration method to deal with the heterogeneity of different smartphone terminals. We developed an Android app as a component in which the channel time-sharing acquisition method is fulfilled, enabling smartphones to distinguish data from multi-channels. The system performance is verified via intensive experiments, of which the results show that our method can distinguish the locations of driver or passengers with an accuracy ranging from 86.80% to 92.02% for each seat on Nexus phone, and the overall accuracy is 89.86%, with standard deviation of 2.64%. On Huawei phone, the accuracy ranges from 85.43% to 93.33% with overall accuracy of 89.75% and standard deviation of 3.07%. Both outperform the existing methods. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719900093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1579750762000},"page":"155014771990009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In-vehicle localization based on multi-channel Bluetooth Low Energy received signal strength indicator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Ze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Changcheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Chuanqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"Equilateral triangle localization algorithm based on average RSSI","author":"Jian 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