{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:59:37Z","timestamp":1771019977812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51875113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51875113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks form the crux of a wide range of automated applications that are gaining popularity with every passing day. The journey of wireless sensor networks has seen simple sensory monitoring to sensing-processing-actuation based end-to-end applications to the design and deployment of highly sophisticated service-oriented use cases. This highly disruptive field has seen rapid transformations to gain insights and assess the relative merits. Demerits of competing design strategies, it very important to know the evolutionary milestones this technology has undergone in achieving the state-of-the-art in this area. In this article, a systematic review is carried out that captures the evolution of architectural designs and developments in wireless sensor network\u2013based applications. This review delves into the relative pros and cons of various epochs in developments and delineates the future areas of research in wireless sensor network design paradigm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147720949138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T13:21:24Z","timestamp":1597065684000},"page":"155014772094913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Evolution of wireless sensor network design from technology centric to user centric: An architectural perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Akhilendra Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8759-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish Kr","family":"Luhach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PNG University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Zhi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity University, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diptendu Sinha","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139030960","volume-title":"Principles of wireless sensor networks","author":"Obaidat M","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr2-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.002"},{"key":"bibr3-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2081902"},{"key":"bibr4-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1864847"},{"key":"bibr6-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-018-1240-0"},{"key":"bibr7-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2018 international conference on intelligent and innovative computing applications (ICONIC)","author":"Karunarathne GGKWMSIR"},{"key":"bibr8-1550147720949138","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Proceedings of 3rd international conference on internet of things and connected technologies (ICIoTCT)","author":"Bathla G"},{"key":"bibr9-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061926"},{"key":"bibr10-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-wss.2017.0099"},{"key":"bibr11-1550147720949138","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First IEEE international workshop on sensor network protocols and applications","author":"Shah RC"},{"key":"bibr13-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.878532"},{"key":"bibr14-1550147720949138","first-page":"8","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on mobile ad hoc and sensor systems conference","author":"Lou W"},{"key":"bibr15-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.11.025"},{"key":"bibr16-1550147720949138","first-page":"580","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on sensor technologies and applications (SENSORCOMM\u201909)","author":"Samaras IK"},{"key":"bibr17-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th international Caribbean conference on devices, circuits and systems (ICCDCS)","author":"Moeller R"},{"key":"bibr18-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2989199"},{"key":"bibr19-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15501320903048647"},{"key":"bibr20-1550147720949138","volume-title":"Three-tier wireless sensor network infrastructure for environmental monitoring","author":"Han W","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2012.V4.418"},{"key":"bibr22-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcses.2012.3302"},{"key":"bibr23-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010199"},{"key":"bibr25-1550147720949138","volume-title":"Stack architectures and protocols for emerging wireless networks","author":"Feng C-H","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr26-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSNET.2013.057517"},{"key":"bibr27-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719835692"},{"key":"bibr28-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718815046"},{"key":"bibr29-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2981692"},{"key":"bibr30-1550147720949138","first-page":"395","volume-title":"International conference on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN\u201908)","author":"Kothari N"},{"key":"bibr31-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on wireless communication, vehicular technology, information theory and aerospace & electronic systems technology (wireless VITAE)","author":"Kumar R"},{"key":"bibr32-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on hardware\/software codesign and system synthesis","author":"Hsieh C-M"},{"key":"bibr33-1550147720949138","first-page":"19","volume-title":"IEEE\/ASME international conference on mechtronic and embedded systems and applications (MESA)","author":"Chen B"},{"key":"bibr34-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010182"},{"key":"bibr35-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.11.011"},{"key":"bibr36-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan7040046"},{"key":"bibr37-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092796"},{"key":"bibr38-1550147720949138","first-page":"467","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st international conference on secure cyber computing and communication (ICSCCC)","author":"Singh H"},{"key":"bibr40-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2016.07.003"},{"key":"bibr41-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9324035"},{"key":"bibr42-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7367281"},{"key":"bibr43-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6470359"},{"key":"bibr45-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718805689"},{"key":"bibr46-1550147720949138","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2019 conference posters and demos","author":"Chen G"},{"key":"bibr48-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1777406.1777413"},{"key":"bibr49-1550147720949138","first-page":"1216","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on industrial technology (ICIT)","author":"Pang Z"},{"key":"bibr50-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/745303"},{"key":"bibr52-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on computational intelligence & communication technology (CICT)","author":"Sangappa"},{"key":"bibr53-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2822551"},{"key":"bibr54-1550147720949138","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on inventive communication and computational technologies (ICICCT)","author":"Devi P"},{"key":"bibr55-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-018-1057-x"},{"key":"bibr56-1550147720949138","first-page":"1084","volume-title":"Wireless communications and networking (WCNC 2003)","volume":"2","author":"Wang Q"},{"key":"bibr57-1550147720949138","volume-title":"Cross-layer design for smart routing in wireless sensor networks","author":"Sheikh OM","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr58-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSNET.2009.028021"},{"key":"bibr59-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.081313.00231"},{"key":"bibr60-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01591"},{"key":"bibr61-1550147720949138","first-page":"844","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th international Wireless communications and mobile computing conference (IWCMC)","author":"Hefeida M"},{"key":"bibr62-1550147720949138","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on wireless mesh networks (WiMesh 2006)","author":"Merlin CJ"},{"key":"bibr63-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2018.01.002"},{"key":"bibr64-1550147720949138","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th international conference on frontier of computer science and technology (FCST\u201909)","author":"Lin D"},{"key":"bibr65-1550147720949138","first-page":"850","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th annual IEEE consumer communications and networking conference (CCNC07)","author":"Song L"},{"key":"bibr66-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/JACN.2014.V2.113"},{"key":"bibr67-1550147720949138","first-page":"60","volume":"3","author":"Aslam Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Telecommun"},{"key":"bibr68-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2010.125"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr69-1550147720949138","first-page":"1029","volume":"28","author":"Jung J","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Inform Sci Eng"},{"key":"bibr70-1550147720949138","first-page":"48","volume-title":"International conference on web engineering","author":"Luoto A"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr71-1550147720949138","first-page":"291","volume":"30","author":"Ray PP","year":"2018","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inform Sci"},{"key":"bibr72-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120303145"},{"key":"bibr73-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030536"},{"key":"bibr75-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10732-014-9258-x"},{"key":"bibr76-1550147720949138","first-page":"587","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on signal image technology and internet based systems","author":"Testa A"},{"key":"bibr77-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31449\/inf.v43i1.1790"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr78-1550147720949138","first-page":"593","volume":"21","author":"Chang I-H","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Technol"},{"key":"bibr79-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2808324"},{"key":"bibr80-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816801-1.00009-8"},{"key":"bibr81-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.13-7-2018.160386"},{"key":"bibr82-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40860-019-00078-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr83-1550147720949138","first-page":"2400","volume":"6","author":"Roy DS","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Thing J"},{"key":"bibr84-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071565"},{"key":"bibr85-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2018 wireless telecommunications symposium (WTS)","author":"Alshinina R"},{"key":"bibr86-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2017.03.003"},{"key":"bibr87-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.04.029"},{"key":"bibr88-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218843008001816"},{"key":"bibr89-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2007.12.001"},{"key":"bibr90-1550147720949138","first-page":"146","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on sensor networks, ubiquitous and trustworthy computing (SUTC\u201908)","author":"Meshkova E"},{"key":"bibr91-1550147720949138","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on communication systems software and middleware","author":"Kushwaha M"},{"key":"bibr92-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11761-009-0043-x"},{"key":"bibr93-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719879049"},{"key":"bibr94-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15837\/ijccc.2014.5.731"},{"key":"bibr95-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40009-4_20"},{"key":"bibr96-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030689"},{"key":"bibr97-1550147720949138","first-page":"126","volume-title":"IEEE symposium on service- oriented system engineering (SOSE)","author":"Sahni Y"},{"key":"bibr98-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40860-019-00077-y"},{"key":"bibr99-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/asi3010014"},{"key":"bibr100-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.08.022"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr102-1550147720949138","first-page":"25","volume":"3","author":"Naseer A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lecture Note Inform Theor"},{"key":"bibr103-1550147720949138","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on data management for sensor networks","author":"G\u00fcrgen L"},{"key":"bibr104-1550147720949138","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Fifth international conference on wireless and mobile communications (ICWMC\u201909)","author":"Khan ZH"},{"key":"bibr105-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.02.050"},{"key":"bibr106-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0887-z"},{"key":"bibr107-1550147720949138","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international conference on multimedia and ubiquitous engineering","author":"Bai Y"},{"key":"bibr109-1550147720949138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2010.11.006"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147720949138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1550147720949138","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1550147720949138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T11:05:28Z","timestamp":1667732728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1550147720949138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1550147720949138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550147720949138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1477","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}