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However, these applications are often hampered because sensor nodes are energy-constrained, low-powered, with limited operational lifetime and low processing and limited power-storage capabilities. Current research shows that sensors deployed for distributed sensor network applications are low-power and low-cost devices characterized with multifunctional abilities. This contributes to their quick battery drainage, if they are to operate for long time durations. Owing to the associated cost implications and mode of deployments of the sensor nodes, battery recharging\/replacements have significant disadvantages. Energy harvesting and wireless power transfer have therefore become very critical for applications running for longer time durations. This survey focuses on presenting a comprehensive review of the current literature on several wireless power transfer and energy harvesting technologies and highlights their opportunities and challenges in distributed sensor networks. This review highlights updated studies which are specific to wireless power transfer and energy harvesting technologies, including their opportunities, potential applications, limitations and challenges, classifications and comparisons. The final section presents some practical considerations and real-time implementation of a radio frequency\u2013based energy harvesting wireless power transfer technique using Powercast\u2122 power harvesters, and performance analysis of the two radio frequency\u2013based power harvesters is discussed. Experimental results show both short-range and long-range applications of the two radio frequency\u2013based energy harvesters with high power transfer efficiency. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15501477211067740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T16:12:03Z","timestamp":1648311123000},"page":"155014772110677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting in distributed sensor networks: Survey, opportunities, and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gerald K","family":"Ijemaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth 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