{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:18:17Z","timestamp":1788524297101,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surg Innov"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent technological advances have enabled real-time near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) with indocyanine green (ICG). Whereas several studies have shown its feasibility, dosing and timing for practical use have not been optimized. We undertook a prospective study with systematic variation of dosing and timing from injection of ICG to visualization. Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic biliary and hepatic operations were enrolled. Intravenous ICG (0.02-0.25 mg\/kg) was administered at times ranging from 10 to 180 minutes prior to planned visualization. The porta hepatis was examined using a dedicated laparoscopic system equipped to detect NIRFC. Quantitative analysis of intraoperative fluorescence was performed using a scoring system to identify biliary structures. A total of 37 patients were enrolled. Visualization of the extrahepatic biliary tract improved with increasing doses of ICG, with qualitative scores improving from 1.9 \u00b1 1.2 (out of 5) with a 0.02-mg\/kg dose to 3.4 \u00b1 1.3 with a 0.25-mg\/kg dose ( P &lt; .05 for 0.02 vs 0.25 mg\/kg). Visualization was also significantly better with increased time after ICG administration (1.1 \u00b1 0.3 for 10 minutes vs 3.4 \u00b1 1.1 for 45 minutes, P &lt; .01). Similarly, quantitative measures also improved with both dose and time. There were no complications from the administration of ICG. These results suggest that a dose of 0.25 mg\/kg administered at least 45 minutes prior to visualization facilitates intraoperative anatomical identification. The dosage and timing of administration of ICG prior to intraoperative visualization are within a range where it can be administered in a practical, safe, and effective manner to allow intraoperative identification of extrahepatic biliary anatomy using NIRFC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350616637671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T20:33:47Z","timestamp":1457642027000},"page":"360-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Intraoperative Laparoscopic Near-Infrared Fluorescence Cholangiography to Facilitate Anatomical Identification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Zarrinpar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik P.","family":"Dutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Mobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald W.","family":"Busuttil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areti","family":"Tillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Cheaito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Joe","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vatche G.","family":"Agopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl T.","family":"Hiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1553350616637671","first-page":"619","volume":"261","author":"Wakabayashi G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-1553350616637671","unstructured":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Inpatient surgery. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/inpatient-surgery.htm. Accessed February 24, 2016."},{"key":"bibr3-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7809"},{"key":"bibr4-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.033"},{"key":"bibr5-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7125"},{"key":"bibr6-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3677-5"},{"key":"bibr7-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1971.01000010566014"},{"key":"bibr8-1553350616637671","first-page":"254","volume":"25","author":"Bonasch H","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr9-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3305-9"},{"key":"bibr10-1553350616637671","unstructured":"Novadaq Technologies Inc. http:\/\/novadaq.com\/products\/pinpoint-endoscopic-fluorescence-imaging. Accessed February 24, 2016."},{"key":"bibr11-1553350616637671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.09.024"}],"container-title":["Surgical Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1553350616637671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1553350616637671","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1553350616637671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:19:24Z","timestamp":1777706364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1553350616637671"}},"subtitle":["When to Give Indocyanine Green and How Much"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1553350616637671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1553350616637671","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3506","1553-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3506","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]}}}