{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:08:31Z","timestamp":1777943311226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surg Innov"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diseases of the ear have been recorded and treated since ancient times. Ex-votos have been offered to heal deafness. Noninvasive treatments have evolved into minor, and later more advanced, surgical techniques to treat head and neck issues. Paul of Aegina (ca 625-690 ad) perfected his medical skills in the School of Alexandria in Egypt. His medical encyclopedia, Medical Compendium, described a broad series of surgical operations, including a chapter \u201cOn the atresia of the auditory canal,\u201d which vividly described a surgical technique to open the ear canal. This surgery is particularly interesting, as it exceeds the limits of resection and amputation known at that time and describes a novel surgical technique. His innovative methods paved the way for future surgeons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350620945566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T05:34:08Z","timestamp":1595914448000},"page":"686-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paul of Aegina (ca 625-690\n                    <scp>ad<\/scp>\n                    ): Byzantine Surgeon and Pioneer of Surgical Management of Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2595-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Tsoucalas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"History of Medicine, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyros N.","family":"Michaleas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Laios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Androutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Karamanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine and Biology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1553350620945566","volume-title":"A History of Surgery","author":"Ellis H","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr2-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-72992007000500017","volume":"73","author":"Nogueira JF","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"bibr3-1553350620945566","volume-title":"A Greek-English Lexicon","author":"Liddell GH","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr4-1553350620945566","first-page":"1066","volume":"4","author":"Pournaropoulos GK","year":"1903","journal-title":"J Greek Med"},{"key":"bibr5-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789047413899"},{"key":"bibr6-1553350620945566","unstructured":"Adams F. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta. London: The Sydenham Society; 1846:297-298."},{"key":"bibr7-1553350620945566","volume-title":"Corpus Medicorum Graecorum","volume":"9","author":"Aegina P","year":"1921"},{"key":"bibr8-1553350620945566","volume-title":"DeBevoise MB (Trans)","author":"Hippocrates JJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr9-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/XXVIII.4.357"},{"key":"bibr10-1553350620945566","volume-title":"Greek Medicine from the Heroic to the Hellenistic Age","author":"Longrigg J","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr11-1553350620945566","volume-title":"Surgical Instruments in Greek and Roman Times","author":"Milne JS","year":"1907"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr12-1553350620945566","first-page":"397","volume":"20","author":"Lascaratos J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"bibr13-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(93)90111-J"},{"key":"bibr14-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100612"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr15-1553350620945566","first-page":"536","volume":"23","author":"Kalantzis G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Hellenic Med"},{"key":"bibr16-1553350620945566","volume-title":"Chirurgie de Paul D\u2019Egine","author":"Briau R","year":"1855"},{"key":"bibr17-1553350620945566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100139830"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr18-1553350620945566","first-page":"587","volume":"57","author":"Kierzek A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol pol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1553350620945566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1553350620945566","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1553350620945566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:22:04Z","timestamp":1777706524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1553350620945566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1553350620945566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1553350620945566","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3506","1553-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3506","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]}}}