{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:08:58Z","timestamp":1777943338397,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018K1A4A3A02060572, NRF-2019R1I1A3A01062141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018K1A4A3A02060572, NRF-2019R1I1A3A01062141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surg Innov"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Droplet simulation often requires expensive and inaccessible equipment. Herein, we develop and assess a low-cost droplet simulation model using easily accessible materials, open-source software, and a smartphone-based cobalt blue light. Methods. The simulation model was developed using commercial-grade materials and fluorescein dye. A clear face shield was assessed ten times following a simulated cough using fluorescein dye. A conventional ultraviolet Woods lamp was compared to a smartphone-based cobalt blue light to detect fluorescein illumination. Results. The simulation platform and smartphone-based cobalt blue light cost $20.18. A Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that the median droplet area of fluorescence under the UV Wood\u2019s lamp was not significantly different than that of the smartphone-based cobalt blue light (2.89 vs 2.94, P = .386). Conclusions. This simulation model is inexpensive and easily reproducible. The smartphone application may be a convenient alternative to standard ultraviolet lights. This model has great potential for use in financially restricted academic centers during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506211065845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T05:36:15Z","timestamp":1640669775000},"page":"278-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Assessment of an Inexpensive Smartphone-Based Respiratory Droplet Simulation Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir A.","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Hutchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asher","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha Atanaskova","family":"Mesinkovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sehwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phil-Sang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"J-F Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, University of California \u2013 Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000508"},{"key":"bibr2-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22577"},{"key":"bibr3-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820952800"},{"key":"bibr4-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820934777"},{"key":"bibr5-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.03.033"},{"key":"bibr6-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002226"},{"key":"bibr7-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005249"},{"key":"bibr8-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06462-1"},{"key":"bibr9-15533506211065845","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102634"}],"container-title":["Surgical Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506211065845","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15533506211065845","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506211065845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:23:11Z","timestamp":1777706591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15533506211065845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15533506211065845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15533506211065845","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3506","1553-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3506","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]}}}