{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:42:21Z","timestamp":1785328941497,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Society Wolfson Research Fellowship","award":["#WM170007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#WM170007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surg Innov"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute appendicitis is a common cause of acute abdomen in secondary care. Despite advancements in diagnostics, misdiagnosis and negative appendectomies remain significant. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning, shows promise in improving diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases included studies on AI\u2019s role in diagnosing and prognosing appendicitis. Studies relying solely on clinical or radiology reports were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI models, particularly random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NN), demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with RF outperforming others. Machine learning methods like SVM and XGBoost (XGB) were effective in predicting appendicitis prognosis, especially in distinguishing complicated cases. AI models outperformed traditional diagnostic scores, such as the Alvarado score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI has significant potential to enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of acute appendicitis, but challenges in data requirements and standardisation must be addressed for widespread clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506251393123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:17:22Z","timestamp":1761729442000},"page":"138-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can Artificial Intelligence Revolutionise Surgical Decision-Making for Appendectomy? A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Murtada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glan Clwyd Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8447-264X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco David","family":"Bokobza De la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lancaster"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Kayali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotational Departments, University Hospital Sussex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotational Departments, University Hospital Sussex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiyb","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diana Princess of Wales Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel N.S.","family":"Ghattas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glan Clwyd Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel S.S.","family":"Rezk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glan Clwyd Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian M.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Jubouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School"},{"name":"University of York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00306-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","volume-title":"Appendicitis","author":"Jones MW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jones MW, Lopez RA, Deppen JG. Appendicitis. National Library of Medicine StatPearls Publishing; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0612"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-021-01762-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.18610"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.001593"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66674-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-023-00527-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115753"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00592-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"C4.5: programs for machine learning by J. Ross quinlan. Morgan kaufmann publishers, inc","volume":"16","author":"Salzberg SL","year":"1993","unstructured":"Salzberg SL. C4.5: programs for machine learning by J. Ross quinlan. Morgan kaufmann publishers, inc. Mach Learn. 1993;16(3):235-240.","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-150994"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-020-04655-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105206"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-11939-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61055-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017368"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2019.27.186-191"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05390-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1286"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","volume-title":"Support Vector Machines: Theory and Applications","author":"Evgeniou T","year":"2001","unstructured":"Evgeniou T, Pontil M. Support Vector Machines: Theory and Applications. MLWA; 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T Guestrin C. XGBoost. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining; August 13-17 2016; San Francisco CA USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2021.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061173"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14719"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-022-02456-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000168"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.6900"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","first-page":"655","article-title":"Artificial intelligence compared to alvarado scoring system alone or combined with ultrasound criteria in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis","volume":"26","author":"Ghareeb WM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghareeb WM, Emile SH, Elshobaky A. Artificial intelligence compared to alvarado scoring system alone or combined with ultrasound criteria in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. JOGS. 2022;26(3):655-658.","journal-title":"JOGS"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3896263"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2019.103165"},{"issue":"125","key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Comparing the accuracy of neural network models and conventional tests in diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis","volume":"25","author":"Safavi AA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Safavi AA, Zand KE, Rezaei M, et al. Comparing the accuracy of neural network models and conventional tests in diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis. JMUMS. 2015;25(125):58-65.","journal-title":"JMUMS"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-12-17"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Decision model for acute appendicitis treatment with decision tree technology\u2014A modification of the alvarado scoring system","volume":"73","author":"Ting H-W","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ting H-W, Wu J-T, Chan C-L, Lin SL, Chen MH. Decision model for acute appendicitis treatment with decision tree technology\u2014A modification of the alvarado scoring system. Chin Med J. 2010;73(8):401-406.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9298-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-007-9077-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.592892"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001904"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.662183"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01490-9"}],"container-title":["Surgical Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506251393123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15533506251393123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506251393123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:14:52Z","timestamp":1778040892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15533506251393123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15533506251393123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15533506251393123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3506","1553-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3506","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]}}}