{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T12:26:49Z","timestamp":1786796809315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007392","name":"Japan Association for the Advancement of Medical Equipment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JAAME-25Seed007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAAME-25Seed007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surg Innov"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/need<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional bronchoscopy has a limited ability to localize and accurately target peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) because these lesions are not endoscopically visible, and obtaining three-dimensional (3D) images of the position of sampling instruments relative to the target lesion in real time is also difficult. Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) which have the special resolution of 10-\u00b5m provides higher spatial resolution than intravascular ultrasound of 100-\u00b5m for intravascular imaging and is used to support the assessment and treatment of coronary artery stenosis. In the respiratory system, 3D-OCT guidance may enable real-time 3D analysis of the spatial relationship between the sampling instrument and the target lesion during transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB), which is difficult to achieve with two-dimensional radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology and device description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated whether 3D-OCT could visualize pseudo-lesions and enable real-time assessment of the spatial relationship between the sampling instrument and the pseudo-lesion during TBB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Preliminary results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In three excised pig lungs, a 3D-OCT probe and ultrathin biopsy forceps were simultaneously advanced through a guide sheath placed in the bronchus to a pseudo-lesion per an excised pig lung. The probe visualized the spatial relationship between the sampling instrument and the pseudo-lesion in real time. Furthermore, 3D-OCT-guided TBB was successfully performed in three consecutive biopsies per a pseudo-lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Current status<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D-OCT-guided TBB was feasible in an ex vivo model for sampling target lesions. These results indicate that 3D-OCT-guided bronchoscopy may help to provide the special relationship of targeting and sampling of PPLs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506261477022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:51:55Z","timestamp":1786521115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance for Transbronchial Biopsy: A Proof-of-Concept Ex Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1108-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayasu","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayata","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyofumi Fengshi","family":"Chen-Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-1224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.01.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.870556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0753"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201408-370OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13235879"}],"container-title":["Surgical Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506261477022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15533506261477022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15533506261477022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T11:51:41Z","timestamp":1786794701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15533506261477022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15533506261477022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15533506261477022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3506","1553-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3506","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"article-number":"15533506261477022"}}