{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:40:30Z","timestamp":1777646430590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Games and Culture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article uses a case study of the multiple arcade machine emulator (MAME) to insist that emulation is an important aspect of digital game culture that should not be dismissed due to copyright concerns. The author argues that emulators should be understood as ludic technologies produced by hacking practices that helped spawn and continue to permeate video game culture. Furthermore, while it may be tempting to describe the MAME as a \u201ccounter archive\u201d that challenges institutional models of preservation, by drawing on the work of Coleman the author insists the project is better understood as a hacking practice committed to reordering \u201ctechnologies and infrastructures\u201d (p. 515). From this perspective, instead of rejecting institutional archival perspectives that view documents as truth-telling entities, the project hacks the traditional notion of the archive by treating platforms as contingent entities and game code as authentic artifacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412013478687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T12:46:57Z","timestamp":1363351617000},"page":"43-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hacking Public Memory"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1555412013478687","volume-title":"Invasion of the space invaders","author":"Amis M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr2-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412010391092"},{"key":"bibr3-1555412013478687","first-page":"155","volume-title":"The video game theory reader","author":"Bernstein C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr4-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262015424.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr5-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1360.2009.01036.x"},{"key":"bibr6-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/08992363-1336390"},{"key":"bibr7-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1802.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr8-1555412013478687","volume-title":"Reset: Post-consumer game culture exhibition","author":"Deeming S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-1555412013478687","volume-title":"Archive fever: A Freudian impression","author":"Derrida J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr10-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Donkey Kong\n                      . Nintendo, 1981."},{"key":"bibr11-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276406023002106"},{"key":"bibr12-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Feldman M. (2010, December 15). The day the MAME saved my ass. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ppl-pilot.com\/mame.aspx"},{"key":"bibr13-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Gow A., Ross S. (1999). Digital archaeology: Rescuing neglected and damaged data resources. London: Library Information Technology Center. Retrieved from www.ukoln.ac.uk\/services\/elib\/papers\/supporting\/pdf\/p2.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Giles A. (2008). The multiple arcade machine emulator. Proceedings of California Extreme 2008. San Jose, CA. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GjLZd4972jA&feature=related"},{"key":"bibr15-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/screen\/29.2.52"},{"key":"bibr16-1555412013478687","unstructured":"It\u2019s all Fun and Games. (2003, August 18). Newsweek, p. 12."},{"key":"bibr17-1555412013478687","volume-title":"Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr18-1555412013478687","volume-title":"A casual revolution: Reinventing video games and their players","author":"Juul J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr19-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelty C. (2008). Two bits: The cultural significance of free software. Duke University Press. Retrieved from http:\/\/jace.zaiki.in\/files\/2009\/05\/29\/twobits.epub","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822389002"},{"key":"bibr20-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Lowood H. (2004). Playing history with games: Steps towards historical archives of computer gaming. The Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. Portland, OR. Retrieved from http:\/\/aic.stanford.edu\/sg\/emg\/library\/pdf\/lowood\/Lowood-EMG2004.pdf"},{"key":"bibr21-1555412013478687","unstructured":"McDonough J. P., Olendorf R., Kirschenbaum M., Kraus K., Reside D., Donahue R., Rojo S. (2010). Preserving virtual worlds Final report. US Library of Congress. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2142\/17097"},{"key":"bibr22-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7588.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr23-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Nintendo. (2011). Legal Information (Copyrights, Emulators, ROMS, ect.). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nintendo.com\/corp\/legal.jsp#download_rom"},{"key":"bibr24-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Ripcord\n                      . (1979). Exidy, 1979. Retrieved from http:\/\/mamedev.org\/roms\/ripcord\/"},{"key":"bibr25-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Schut K. (2012, June 4\u20135). Playing with a new problem: Copyright and video games in education and scholarship. ABC Copyright Conference. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http:\/\/abcconference2012.pbworks.com\/w\/file\/54748825\/KSchut%20%20Video%20games%2C%20copyright%2C%20education.pptx"},{"key":"bibr26-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412007304423"},{"key":"bibr27-1555412013478687","unstructured":"Spy Hunter. (1983). Bally Midway, 1983."},{"key":"bibr28-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856509105107"},{"key":"bibr29-1555412013478687","unstructured":"The MAME Team. (n.d.). About MAME. Retrived from http:\/\/mamedev.org\/about.html"},{"key":"bibr30-1555412013478687","unstructured":"The MAME Team. (n.d.). FAQ: ROMS. Retrieved from http:\/\/mamedev.org\/devwiki\/index.php\/FAQ:ROMs"},{"key":"bibr31-1555412013478687","unstructured":"The MAME Team. (n.d). FAQ: About. Retrieved from http:\/\/mamedev.org\/devwiki\/index.php\/FAQ:About"},{"key":"bibr32-1555412013478687","unstructured":"The MAME Team. (n.d). MAME legal information. Retrieved from http:\/\/mamedev.org\/legal.html"},{"key":"bibr33-1555412013478687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095269519801100401"},{"key":"bibr34-1555412013478687","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The video game theory reader","author":"Wolf M. J. 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