{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:28:21Z","timestamp":1777645701839,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Games and Culture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Game-based training may have different characteristics than other forms of instruction. The independent validation of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Sirius program evaluated game-based cognitive bias training across several games with a common set of control groups. Control groups included a professionally produced video that taught the same cognitive biases and an unrelated video that did not teach any biases. Knowledge was tested immediately after training and after a delay. This article presents the results from the two phases of the Sirius program. Game-based training showed advantages in teaching bias mitigation skills (procedural knowledge) but had no advantage over video instruction in teaching people to answer explicit questions about biases (declarative knowledge). Overall, training effects persisted over time, and games performed as well as and in some cases better than the video-based instruction for knowledge retention. Our results suggest that serious games can be an effective training tool, particularly for teaching procedural knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412016686642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T03:32:08Z","timestamp":1485315128000},"page":"233-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Teaching Decision Making With Serious Games"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Kopecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McKneely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Gertner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MITRE Corporation, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Zaromb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Analytics International, Yad Binyamin, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Spitaletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.89.4.369"},{"key":"bibr2-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412016675728"},{"key":"bibr4-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155\u2013159. Retrieved from http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"bibr5-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07127-5_9"},{"key":"bibr6-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.08.012"},{"key":"bibr7-1555412016686642","unstructured":"Gertner A., Zaromb F., Schneider R., Roberts R. D., Matthews G. (2016). The assessment of biases in cognition: Development and evaluation of an assessment instrument for the measurement of cognitive bias (MITRE Technical Report MTR160163). McLean, VA: The MITRE Corporation. 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Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"bibr13-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164410366687"},{"key":"bibr14-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299258003"},{"key":"bibr15-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.2.175"},{"key":"bibr16-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202286008"},{"key":"bibr17-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x"},{"key":"bibr18-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412014548919"},{"key":"bibr19-1555412016686642","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(77)90049-X"},{"key":"bibr20-1555412016686642","first-page":"295","author":"Shute V. 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The effect of camera perspective and session duration on training decision making in a serious video game. Paper in the proceedings of the IEEE Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), Vancouver, BC. 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