{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:30:52Z","timestamp":1777645852904,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Games and Culture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fortnite is a massively multiplayer online \u201cbattle royale\u201d game that rapidly grew in 2018 to become one of the most popular digital games in the world, with a reported peak of 10.8 million concurrent players and 250 million registered players in March 2019. Based on 24 interviews with young people aged 9\u201314 (17 boys and 7 girls), this article sets out to provide an account of the appeal and experience of Fortnite. While it is impossible to pinpoint exactly why Fortnite has been such a phenomenal, global success, in this article, we argue that its appeal can be better explained by its intersections with YouTube and game livestreaming, the way the game acts as a vehicle for social capital and the performance of identity, and the rich sociality of play.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412020913771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T06:14:22Z","timestamp":1585548862000},"page":"453-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Situating the Appeal of\n                    <i>Fortnite<\/i>\n                    Within Children\u2019s Changing Play Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Mavoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"luke","family":"gaspard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"bibr1-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.18261\/ISSN1891-943X-2010-01-04","volume":"5","author":"Aarsand P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy"},{"key":"bibr2-1555412020913771","first-page":"120","volume-title":"The Routledge international handbook of children, adolescents and media","author":"Aarsand P.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998318"},{"key":"bibr4-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3916\/C57-2018-07"},{"key":"bibr5-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/YC-08-2015-00551"},{"key":"bibr6-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2014.904339"},{"key":"bibr7-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Blum-Rose A., Livingstone S. (2017). Families and screen time: Current advice and emerging research. [Media Policy Brief 17]. http:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/66927\/1\/Policy%20Brief%2017-%20Families%20%20Screen%20Time.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-1555412020913771","volume-title":"YouTube: Online video and participatory culture","author":"Burgess J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr9-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412014558089"},{"key":"bibr10-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/jgvw.7.1.59_1"},{"key":"bibr11-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Internet spaceships are serious business","author":"Carter M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr12-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr13-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Leet Noobs: The life and death of an expert player group in World of Warcraft","author":"Chen M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr14-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Conditt J. (2019, March 20). Epic games has 250 million \u2018\n                      Fortnite\n                      \u2019 players and a lot of plans. Engaget. https:\/\/www.engadget.com"},{"key":"bibr15-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1802.001.0001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr16-1555412020913771","volume":"6","author":"Cover R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Game Studies"},{"key":"bibr17-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Children, media and culture","author":"Davies M. M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr18-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042753014568176"},{"key":"bibr19-1555412020913771","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Children\u2019s virtual play worlds","author":"Edwards S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr20-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781501300233"},{"key":"bibr21-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Hassan A. (2018, December 13).\n                      Fortnite\n                      is a social space the way skateparks and Facebook used to be. Quartzy. https:\/\/qz.com"},{"key":"bibr22-1555412020913771","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Hanging out, messing around, geeking out: Living and learning with new media","author":"Horst H. A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr23-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8402.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr24-1555412020913771","first-page":"262","volume-title":"From Barbie to Mortal Kombat","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr25-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315629308-9"},{"key":"bibr26-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2013.0118"},{"key":"bibr27-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Digital culture, play, and identity","author":"Krzywinska T.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr28-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150802205876"},{"key":"bibr29-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21594937.2012.655478"},{"key":"bibr30-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Lanier L. (2019, April 4). Prince Harry wants \u2018\n                      Fortnite\n                      \u2019 banned. Variety. https:\/\/www.variety.com"},{"key":"bibr80-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Livingstone S. (2009). Children and the Internet. Polity Press."},{"key":"bibr31-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12277"},{"key":"bibr32-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367549412445762"},{"key":"bibr33-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412006286688"},{"key":"bibr34-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817703368"},{"key":"bibr35-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09575146.2016.1167675"},{"key":"bibr36-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3116595.3116638"},{"key":"bibr37-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817745320"},{"key":"bibr38-1555412020913771","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Digitising early childhood","author":"Mavoa J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr39-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12123"},{"key":"bibr40-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439880600756803"},{"key":"bibr41-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Ofcom. (2018). Children and parents: Media use and attitudes report 2018. Making Sense of Media Research Report. https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0024\/134907\/Children-and-Parents-Media-Use-and-Attitudes-2018.pdf"},{"key":"bibr42-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00300.x"},{"key":"bibr43-1555412020913771","unstructured":"Stuart K. (2018, August 17).\n                      Fortnite\n                      is so much more than a game. Medium great escape. https:\/\/medium.com"},{"key":"bibr44-1555412020913771","unstructured":"SuperData. (2018). SuperData digital games and interactive media year in review\u20142018\n                      SuperData\n                      . https:\/\/www.superdataresearch.com"},{"key":"bibr45-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvc77jqw"},{"key":"bibr46-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.12.003"},{"key":"bibr47-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12024"},{"key":"bibr48-1555412020913771","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AARE 2008 international education research conference","author":"Walsh C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr49-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chso.12155"},{"key":"bibr50-1555412020913771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856515599513"}],"container-title":["Games and Culture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1555412020913771","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1555412020913771","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1555412020913771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:33:31Z","timestamp":1777444411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1555412020913771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1555412020913771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1555412020913771","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-4120","1555-4139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-4120","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-4139","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]}}}