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Using learning analytics methods, the study investigates the prevalence and interconnections between these different metagame activities and classifies gamers based on their use thereof into distinct profiles. The results show that digital game\u2013related information-seeking activities are key metagame activities with connections to other metagame activities. Three distinct profiles of players were identified based on their metagame activities: versatile metagamers, strategizers, and casual metagamers. The results contribute to the existing literature on metagaming and provide insights for game studies, game design and marketing, and digital games and learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15554120231187758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T03:40:57Z","timestamp":1690861257000},"page":"38-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Typology of Metagamers: Identifying Player Types Based on Beyond the Game Activities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9913-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juho","family":"Kahila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonsoles","family":"L\u00f3pez-Pernas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Saqr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriikka","family":"Vartiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanni","family":"Kahila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Tedre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr2-15554120231187758","first-page":"19","volume":"1","author":"Bartle R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of MUD Research"},{"key":"bibr3-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/9781452958354"},{"key":"bibr4-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.009"},{"key":"bibr5-15554120231187758","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Communications in computer and information science","volume":"1312","author":"Bowman D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr6-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2282338.2282346"},{"key":"bibr7-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412020913771"},{"key":"bibr8-15554120231187758","volume-title":"Research methods in education","author":"Cohen L.","year":"2011","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr9-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15295036.2017.1304648"},{"key":"bibr10-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-016-9170-1"},{"key":"bibr11-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.017"},{"key":"bibr12-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-018-9292-z"},{"key":"bibr13-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412015590063"},{"key":"bibr14-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2009.5286500"},{"key":"bibr15-15554120231187758","volume-title":"Characteristics of games","author":"Elias G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr16-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1"},{"key":"bibr17-15554120231187758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315465258-21"},{"key":"bibr18-15554120231187758","volume-title":"Horsemen of the apocalypse. 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