{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:00:47Z","timestamp":1790942447942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research ethics committees (RECs) help uphold ethical research, but little is known about how their funding affects their capacity, especially in crises. Via survey data from 324 REC representatives in 80 countries, we examine funding sources, perceived compensation adequacy, and operational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. About one-fifth reported having no funding for operations or compensation, and only around one-third viewed their compensation as adequate. Funding constraints were more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries and may be associated with greater reported challenges. Our findings suggest that REC resilience during crises depends on stable support, especially from policymakers and institutional leaders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15562646261486085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:52:43Z","timestamp":1790693563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Funding and Function During Crises: A Global Survey of Research Ethics Committees During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2416-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly Jean","family":"Seedall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Network of Research Ethics Committees, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Lekstutien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Network of Research Ethics Committees, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Vilnius University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8277-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilma","family":"Luka\u0161evi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9668-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u0117","family":"Girkontait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Tambornino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Network of Research Ethics Committees, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2636-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vygintas","family":"Aliukonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5004-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenijus","family":"Gefenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-024-01083-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747016117692026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361211035205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-023-00888-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6939-9-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smz041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Council on Health Research for Development. (2021). Planning for financial sustainability: A guide for research ethics committees in Africa."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1544-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12345"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Research ethics committees in Africa and Latin America","volume":"11","author":"Ermich I.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ermich I., Thebaut C., Guerchet M., Boumediene F., Preux P. M. (2022). Research ethics committees in Africa and Latin America. Medical Safety & Global Health, 11(1), 156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35248\/2574-0407.22.11.156","journal-title":"Medical Safety & Global Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00666-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1121479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17533.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/26667711-20210001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.picr_2_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1095_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.143138.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"943","article-title":"Funding modalities ot ethics review committees: Perspectives of representatives of selected ERCs in Ghana","volume":"6","author":"Kofi Awua A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kofi Awua A., Akazili J., Laar A., Ferguson K., Ayettey S. (2024). Funding modalities ot ethics review committees: Perspectives of representatives of selected ERCs in Ghana. Health Sciences Investigations Journal, 6(2), 943\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46829\/hsijournal.2024.12.6.2.943-950","journal-title":"Health Sciences Investigations Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Philosophy and medicine","author":"Lanzerath D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lanzerath D. (2023). Research ethics and research ethics committees in Europe. In Philosophy and medicine (pp. 423\u2013439). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-12692-5_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_103_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","unstructured":"OECD. (2022). DAC list of ODA recipients. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/topics\/policy-sub-issues\/oda-eligibility-and-conditions\/DAC-List-of-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2022-23-flows.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00715-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2023.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Research ethics support during the COVID-19 epidemic: A collaborative effort by South African research ethics committees","volume":"2021","author":"Rossouw T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossouw T., Wassenaar D. R., Kruger M., Blockman M., Hunter A., Burgess T. (2021). Research ethics support during the COVID-19 epidemic: A collaborative effort by South African research ethics committees. South African Health Review, 2021, 163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61473\/001c.75325","journal-title":"South African Health Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-025-01193-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06737-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13146.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.21.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48408-7_53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00223433241249352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2021.848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7243.1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53793-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2009). Research ethics committees: Basic concepts for capacity-building. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/ethics\/publications\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","volume-title":"Standards and operational guidance for ethics review of health-related research with human participants","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2011). Standards and operational guidance for ethics review of health-related research with human participants. WHO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241502948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","volume-title":"WHO tool for benchmarking ethics oversight of health-related research involving human participants","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023). WHO tool for benchmarking ethics oversight of health-related research involving human participants. WHO. Retrieved from https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/372984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"Facilitating research ethics review during outbreaks: Taking stock, Lisbon, Portugal, 14 September 2022. WHO pre-workshop to the Global Summit of National Ethics Committees","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024). Facilitating research ethics review during outbreaks: Taking stock, Lisbon, Portugal, 14 September 2022. WHO pre-workshop to the Global Summit of National Ethics Committees. WHO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/b\/71026"}],"container-title":["Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15562646261486085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15562646261486085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15562646261486085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:46:31Z","timestamp":1790941591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15562646261486085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15562646261486085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15562646261486085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2646","1556-2654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2646","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-2654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"15562646261486085"}}