{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:44:02Z","timestamp":1777682642153,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HSS Journal\u00ae: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has shown the potential in reducing surgical site infection (SSI); however, its impact on instrumented lumbar fusion procedures remains unclear.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Purpose:<\/jats:italic>\n                    We sought to investigate the difference in SSI rates for open, mini-open, and MIS techniques in patients who underwent posterior lumbar instrumented fusions.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    We conducted a retrospective review of all patients at a single academic institution who underwent instrumented 1- or 2-level posterior lumbar fusion between January 2019 and June 2022. Cases were allocated to 1 of 3 mutually exclusive surgical cohorts (MIS, mini, or open). SSIs were diagnosed based on the National Healthcare Safety Network criteria.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    A total of 1352 patients were reviewed for a total of 1382 lumbar fusion operations included in this study. The mean age was 61.5\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u2009years, and the mean body mass index was 28.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.67\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The largest cohort was open (39.3%, 543), followed by mini (33.1%, 458) and MIS (27.6%, 381). Thirteen patients (0.94%) developed an SSI. There were no statistically significant differences in the infection rates between the cohorts; SSI rates were MIS (0.3%, 1), mini (1.1%, 5), and open (1.3%, 7). Twelve (92%) of the patients with an SSI underwent a subsequent irrigation and debridement procedure; on average, this occurred 42.2\u2009\u00b1\u200925\u2009days postoperatively.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This retrospective review found that 0.94% of patients developed an SSI following a 1- or 2-level posterior lumbar instrumented fusion. Although the observed SSI rate in the open cohort was 4 times higher than in the MIS cohort, the sample sizes were insufficient to determine statistically significant differences between the 3 surgical approaches. Nonetheless, our data suggests that all 3 techniques evaluated had exceptionally low infection rates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15563316251348440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T07:13:03Z","timestamp":1752131583000},"page":"123-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surgical Site Infection After Posterior Lumbar Instrumented Fusions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasra","family":"Araghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tejas","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad Z.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia C.","family":"Tuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troy B.","family":"Amen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin C.","family":"Kaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"S. Kazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusef","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra P.","family":"Grizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvinder S.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russel C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Dowdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis C.","family":"Lovecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Jo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4903-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sravisht","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7177-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheeraz A.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson PA Savage JW Vaccaro AR et al. 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