{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:58:43Z","timestamp":1777456723384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atypical pneumonia in postpartum women may alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK) through cytokine-mediated changes in vascular permeability, yet the breast milk disposition of levofloxacin in this population remains uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This observational study aimed to compare levofloxacin PK in lactating atypical pneumonia patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10) receiving 400 mg once daily for 3 days with historical healthy controls and to assess infant exposure risks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast milk samples from subjects 6\u201310 were collected at predetermined time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours) following the last dose of 3 days. Subjects 1\u20135 had random daytime sampling. The concentration of levofloxacin in breast milk was measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (correlation coefficient: 0.9997; limit of detection: 0.15 \u03bcg\/mL; recovery: 91.36\u2013102.28%; RSD &lt;5%). PK parameters were derived using noncompartmental analysis in Phoenix WinNonlin (version 8.35).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Key milk PK parameters included C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      of subjects 1\u20135 was 15.74\u2009\u00b1\u20096.55 \u03bcg\/mL, and in subjects 6\u201310 was 14.55\u2009\u00b1\u20092.56 \u03bcg\/mL. The elimination half-life (t\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2\u03b2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in subjects 1\u20135 was 7.46\u2009\u00b1\u20093.39 hours and in subjects 6\u201310 was 4.57\u2009\u00b1\u20091.14 hours. The AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u221224<\/jats:sub>\n                      in subjects 1\u20135 was 84.31\u2009\u00b1\u200922.60 mg\u00b7h\/L and in subjects 6\u201310 was 63.99\u2009\u00b1\u200911.78 mg\u00b7h\/L.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on a 150 mL\/kg\/day milk intake, the estimated infant daily exposure in subjects 1\u20135 and 6\u201310 was 0.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14 and 0.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07 \u03bcg\/kg\/day, respectively, which was below 10% of the therapeutic dose (10 mg\/kg once daily) for infants aged 0\u201312 months. This study first quantified levofloxacin in atypical pneumonia patients\u2019 breast milk using a validated method. Results suggest that breastfeeding can continue cautiously during maternal levofloxacin therapy. Avoid breastfeeding at peak drug concentration and monitor the infant for potential reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253251361911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T18:30:44Z","timestamp":1757961044000},"page":"666-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Lactating Atypical Pneumonia Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8697-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahai","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangfang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yarui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602375"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-022-02999-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(03)00034-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.4.745"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033402237906"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003517.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000216197.26783.b5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.715"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.161020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.9.1336"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199447040-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90021-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2021-0058"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01192-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12851"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24138"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0304"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14538"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.1.116.55616"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","unstructured":"Akorn. 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Available from: https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4438fed2-7ef5-488f-baa8-39bc65768d1d [Last accessed: May8 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076263"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-022-00513-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1494511"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-02023-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-01023-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02104-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2023.104073"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01747-1"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15568253251361911","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251361911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251361911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1777381359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15568253251361911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15568253251361911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15568253251361911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}