{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:05:03Z","timestamp":1783764303881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterize the experiences of lactating gynecologic surgeons, identify common challenges, and propose solutions to address barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this mixed-methods, cross-sectional study, a novel survey was electronically distributed to measure lactation experiences among gynecologic surgeons. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-six survey respondents reported having been pregnant and met the eligibility criteria. The rate of breastfeeding was 95% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 82) among women who had given birth, and 91% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 75) of surgeons breastfed after returning to work. Of the 66 surgeons who shared lactation experiences, 97% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 64) reported challenges faced at work, and 86% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 57) faced more than one challenge. Most respondents were fellowship trained (85%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 56) and half delivered within the last 2 years (48%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32). Analysis yielded eight themes and nine subthemes. The most common themes were time constraints (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 48), difficulty balancing clinical responsibilities (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 53), and pumping logistics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 59). Surgeons suffered from emotional distress (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) and physical challenges included decreased supply, engorgement, and leakage (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gynecologic surgeons face multiple challenges when lactating at work. This research highlights the lack of protection and support for the lactating surgeon. We propose solutions to address these workplace inequities, including allotted time for milk expression, adequate facilities, institutional and national policy and protections, and creation of a culture of support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253251371712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T21:11:56Z","timestamp":1758921116000},"page":"831-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Challenges in Breastfeeding Faced by the Lactating Gynecologic Surgeon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2494-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"GiglioAyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Hintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"The Surgeon General\u2019s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding","author":"Office of the Surgeon General (US), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), Office on Women\u2019s Health (US)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General (US), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), Office on Women\u2019s Health (US). The Surgeon General\u2019s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Office of the Surgeon General (US); 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2023.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07388-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.13054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Fact Sheet #73: Break Time for Nursing Mothers under the FLSA. DOL. Available from: https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact-sheets\/73-flsa-break-time-nursing-mothers [Last accessed: November22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Fact Sheet: Pregnancy Discrimination. US EEOC. Available from: https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/laws\/guidance\/fact-sheet-pregnancy-discrimination [Last accessed: November22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"2023 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. ACGME Common Program Requirements. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/globalassets\/pfassets\/programrequirements\/cprresidency_2023.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Breastfeeding & lactation support policies for medical trainees. Available from: https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/patient-care\/breastfeeding\/breastfeeding\u2013lactation-support-policies-for-medical-trainees\/ [Last accessed: November22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.27757"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15568253251371712","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251371712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251371712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:17Z","timestamp":1777381337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15568253251371712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15568253251371712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15568253251371712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}