{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:29:37Z","timestamp":1791325777919,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a common inflammatory skin condition in infants, typically managed with supportive care and anti-inflammatory treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical breast milk combined with zinc oxide versus zinc oxide alone in treating DD in infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital from 2022 to 2023. Forty-two infants with clinically diagnosed DD were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group received 25% zinc oxide ointment, while the case group received 25% zinc oxide combined with topical breast milk. Both treatments were applied for 7 consecutive days. The severity of DD was assessed daily using the Buckley Diaper Dermatitis Severity Scale, and lesion improvement was documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the infants was 2.93 \u00b1 7.41 months, and 52.4% were male. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline characteristics. Complete and partial recovery rates in the case group were 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively, compared to 66.6% and 19.1% in the control group. Notably, no non-responders were found in the case group, while 14.3% in the control group showed no response to treatment. The case group experienced faster lesion resolution (2.52 \u00b1 0.67 days vs. 3.28 \u00b1 1.14 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical breast milk combined with zinc oxide may reduce recovery time in treating diaper dermatitis. This approach is safe, cost-effective, and accessible. Larger randomized trials are needed to confirm these results and establish standardized treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253251393704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T08:18:56Z","timestamp":1762589936000},"page":"138-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Topical Breast Milk plus Zinc Oxide Versus Zinc Oxide Alone for Diaper Rash in Infants Under 1 Year: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Veysizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pardis","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kambiz","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatric, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Ashournia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Malekiantaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3432-2.50019-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12468"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922817706982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet","author":"Benitez Ojeda AB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benitez Ojeda AB, , Mendez MD. Diaper Dermatitis. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3955(05)70248-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2017.7044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12988"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12764"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00505.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2024.0099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.589736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14091"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15568253251393704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251393704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253251393704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:33:45Z","timestamp":1787135625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15568253251393704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15568253251393704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15568253251393704","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]}}}