{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:31:59Z","timestamp":1793233919486,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rational medicine use during breastfeeding remains a challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Self-medication, incomplete dosing, inappropriate drug selection, poor adherence, and adverse drug reactions contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Although the Information\u2013Motivation\u2013Behavioral Skills (IMB) model has successfully influenced health behaviors, its application to promoting safe medicine practices among breastfeeding women in urban settings is limited. This study assessed the association of an IMB-based educational intervention with knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medication use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi-experimental study with intervention and control groups was conducted among 184 breastfeeding women (\u226518 years) with infants \u226412 months attending six urban clinics in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were recruited using systematic random sampling and allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention comprised 12 weekly IMB-based health education sessions delivered through lectures, group discussions, videos, and printed materials. The control group received standard health education. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 3 months using structured Likert-scale questionnaires. Changes over time and between groups were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and mixed-effects regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. At three months, greater improvements in knowledge were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group (89% versus 80%; Mean difference (MD) = 8.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0\u201310.6), motivation (81% versus 70%; MD = 11.5; 95% CI: 8.6\u201314.4), and behavior (91% versus 81%; MD = 9.9; 95% CI: 7.3\u201312.5), all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001. Mixed-effects regression analyses showed that changes over time differed significantly between the intervention and control groups, with greater improvements in knowledge observed in the intervention group compared with the control group (\u03b2 = 7.34;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), motivation (\u03b2 = 11.49;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and behavior (\u03b2 = 5.67;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IMB-based intervention improved women\u2019s knowledge, motivation, and practices, supporting the integration of such programs into routine health education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253261470536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:07:52Z","timestamp":1785388072000},"page":"774-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using the Information\u2013Motivation\u2013Behavioral Framework to Promote Rational Medicine Use Among Breastfeeding Women: A Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritah","family":"Nakijoba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Atuyambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Behavior Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Peter","family":"Asiimwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mubiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Namubiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solome","family":"Nakazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Kiguba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Waitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda."},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Liverpool, England, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric16030061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030722"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","article-title":"Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding","volume":"2012","author":"Kramer MS","year":"2012","unstructured":"3.Kramer MS, , Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;2012(8).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03939-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.4.501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-6-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-008-0028-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.07.380"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9609-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3343-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Infant and young child feeding","author":"Ministry of Health Uganda","year":"2011","unstructured":"17.Ministry of Health Uganda. Infant and young child feeding. Nutrition 2011:11\u201313.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"18.Ministry of Health Uganda. Uganda policy guidelines on infant and young child feeding. Ministry of Health Uganda; 2007. Available from: https:\/\/platform.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/mca-documents\/policy-documents\/guideline\/UGA-MN-67-02-GUIDELINE-2012-eng-Uganda-Policy-Guidelines-IYCF-2012.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Lactation Management Self-Study Modules: Level","author":"Naylor AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"19.Naylor AJ. Lactation Management Self-Study Modules: Level. Wellstart International; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"Uganda National Medicines Policy","author":"Ministry of Health Uganda","year":"2015","unstructured":"20.Ministry of Health Uganda. Uganda National Medicines Policy. 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