{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:18:21Z","timestamp":1788257901222,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Donor human milk (DHM) is an alternative to formula for supplementation of breastfed newborns and has been associated with higher in-hospital exclusive breast milk feeding rates. Its use has increased substantially, most recently among term newborns, yet there is scarce data to describe patient characteristics and volumes administered. We aimed to characterize DHM utilization in our level 1 nursery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of newborns discharged in 2022 from the level 1 nursery. Variables included sex, gestational age, birth weight, delivery type, hypoglycemia diagnosis, DHM volume, and length of stay. DHM use was compared across preferred language, race, ethnicity, and payer type using chi-square testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 10,432 discharges were reviewed\u2014those transferred to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) or another unit were excluded. Of 9,074 newborns receiving level 1 care, 1,094 (12.1%) received DHM. Newborns born between 35 and 37 weeks gestation, delivered by cesarean section, or diagnosed with hypoglycemia or small for gestational age were more likely to receive DHM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). DHM was also more common among newborns whose birth parent preferred the English language, identified as White or non-Hispanic, or had non-Medicaid insurance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). 6,552.6 ounces were consumed, with a total median of 3.9 ounces per newborn (dose range 2\u201350 mL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DHM use in the level 1 nursery varied by clinical and sociodemographic factors, revealing inequities. In addition, some doses exceeded recommended supplemental volumes. Future efforts should focus on ensuring equitable access to DHM, standardized dosing and discontinuation guidelines, and evaluation of impacts on exclusive breastfeeding rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253261470601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1785929212000},"page":"587-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Donor Human Milk Utilization in a Level 1 Newborn Unit of a High-Volume Delivery Hospital: A Cautionary Tale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8847-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Daggle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Port","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7044-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nemours Children\u2019s Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"DeVeau-Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Pediatricians and Associates Capitol Hill, Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children\u2019s Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-001396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","volume-title":"Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services: The Revised Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: 2018 Implementation Guidance: Frequently Asked Questions","author":"World Health Organization, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)","year":"2020","unstructured":"4.World Health Organization, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services: The Revised Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: 2018 Implementation Guidance: Frequently Asked Questions. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.29038.ajk"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2021.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3123"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0196"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","unstructured":"9.Specifications Manual for Joint Commission National Quality Measures. Exclusive Human Milk Feeding (v2024B). n.d. 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