{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T15:13:43Z","timestamp":1788102823172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding is essential for improving newborn health and maternal-infant bonding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between nipple length and early breastfeeding success assessed using the LATCH score in postpartum women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive correlational study was conducted in the delivery room and obstetric clinic of a university hospital. The researchers aimed to include the entire eligible population without performing sample size calculations. A total of 335 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The pre-lactation nipple lengths of primiparous mothers were measured, and early breastfeeding success was assessed twice using the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. Data were collected using an information form, a follow-up form, and the LATCH assessment scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean nipple length of the mothers was 5.56 \u00b1 3.51 mm, the mean nipple diameter was 17.60 \u00b1 3.09 mm, the mean areola diameter was 6.50 \u00b1 1.35 cm, and the mean time required for newborns to latch onto the breast was 194.77 \u00b1 218.82 seconds. Regression analysis demonstrated that the models explained 60% and 63% of the variance in the LATCH-1 and LATCH-2 scores, respectively. Early breastfeeding success was significantly associated with several maternal nipple characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early breastfeeding success in primiparous mothers is associated with maternal nipple characteristics, particularly nipple morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253261483409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:14:42Z","timestamp":1787897682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Nipple Length and Early Breastfeeding Success in Postpartum Women: A Descriptive Correlational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Zeynem","family":"Yildirim Balkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirda\u011f, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serap","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4589-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serap","family":"Balci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, \u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avc\u0131lar, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2024.350726"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Advocacy brief: breastfeeding and family-friendly policies","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"2.World Health Organization. Advocacy brief: breastfeeding and family-friendly policies. World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"3.UNICEF. Breastfeeding. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/nutrition\/breastfeeding\/ [Last accessed: March7 2026]."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"6150","article-title":"A study to assess the \u0131mpact of nursing \u0131ntervention on mother\u2019s breastfeeding self\u2010efficacy among primiparous mothers at tertiary care hospital","volume":"13","author":"Kadam M","year":"2022","unstructured":"4.Kadam M, , Patil N, , Salunkhe J. A study to assess the \u0131mpact of nursing \u0131ntervention on mother\u2019s breastfeeding self\u2010efficacy among primiparous mothers at tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Negat Results 2022;13(9):6150\u20136158.","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Results"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.3081.3335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85900-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52783\/jns.v14.1610"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"A comparative study to assess problem of inverted nipple and its relationship to successful breast feeding among antenatal mothers","volume":"7","author":"Bagal SU","year":"2017","unstructured":"8.Bagal SU, , Salunkhe A, , Salunkhe H, et al. A comparative study to assess problem of inverted nipple and its relationship to successful breast feeding among antenatal mothers. Int J Health Sci Res 2017;7(4):280\u2013288.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12928\/dpphj.v18i1.10274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420931397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"The breastfeeding atlas","author":"Wilson-Clay B","year":"2013","unstructured":"13.Wilson-Clay B, , Hoover K. The breastfeeding atlas. Lactnews Press; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-0035-0_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2010.0028"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Effect of Hoffman\u2019s exercises on flat or inverted nipples in immediate postpartum mothers\u2013A randomized control trial","volume":"12","author":"Bulbuli A","year":"2018","unstructured":"16.Bulbuli A, , Fernandes S, , Shelke S. Effect of Hoffman\u2019s exercises on flat or inverted nipples in immediate postpartum mothers\u2013A randomized control trial. Ind Jour of Physioth and Occupat Therapy - An Inter Jour 2018;12(3):88\u201392.","journal-title":"Ind Jour of Physioth and Occupat Therapy - An Inter Jour"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9776(97)90177-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"Spinal anestezi ile yap\u0131lan sezaryen do\u011fumlarda erken ten temas\u0131n\u0131n, emzirme yeterlili\u011fine etkisi","author":"Sarper C","year":"2015","unstructured":"20.Sarper C. Spinal anestezi ile yap\u0131lan sezaryen do\u011fumlarda erken ten temas\u0131n\u0131n, emzirme yeterlili\u011fine etkisi. Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ba\u015fkent \u00dcniversitesi: Ankara; 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Nipple length and its relation to success in breastfeeding","volume":"96","author":"Puapornpong P","year":"2013","unstructured":"21.Puapornpong P, , Raungrongmorakot K, , Paritakul P, et al. Nipple length and its relation to success in breastfeeding. J Med Assoc Thai 2013;96(Suppl 1):S1\u2013S4.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1994.tb01847.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"LATCH emzirme tan\u0131lama arac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenirli\u011fini inceleyen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma","volume":"51","author":"Yenal K","year":"2003","unstructured":"24.Yenal K, , Okumu\u015f H. LATCH emzirme tan\u0131lama arac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenirli\u011fini inceleyen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Hem\u015firelikte Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Geli\u015ftirme Dergisi 2003;51(1):38\u201344.","journal-title":"Hem\u015firelikte Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Geli\u015ftirme Dergisi"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Effect of nursing \u0131nterventions strategies for \u0131nverted nipple on efficiency of early breastfeeding among primiparous mothers","volume":"12","author":"Belal G-S","year":"2024","unstructured":"25.Belal G-S, , Gomaa MM, , Abdelmenem EE. Effect of nursing \u0131nterventions strategies for \u0131nverted nipple on efficiency of early breastfeeding among primiparous mothers. Assiut Sci Nurs J 2024;12(45):341\u2013358.","journal-title":"Assiut Sci Nurs J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412452933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-022-00452-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56984\/8ZG7D196QEQ"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"e68153","article-title":"Breastfeeding success with use of electric breast pump versus inverted syringe technique in lactating women with inverted nipple: Open Labelled randomized control trial","volume":"16","author":"Chowdhry BK","year":"2024","unstructured":"29.Chowdhry BK, , Nair A, , Jha S, et al. Breastfeeding success with use of electric breast pump versus inverted syringe technique in lactating women with inverted nipple: Open Labelled randomized control trial. Cureus 2024;16(8):e68153.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2025.443793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2021.143538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/AJPN.2017.02.555601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0883-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Is nipple size interferes breastfeeding","volume":"8","author":"Dhanalakshmi N","year":"2019","unstructured":"34.Dhanalakshmi N, , Dash MB. Is nipple size interferes breastfeeding? EC Paediatrics 2019;8:643\u2013648.","journal-title":"EC Paediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jcgo307w"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding success rate and nipple length and diameter in Thai pregnant women","volume":"64","author":"Thanaboonyawat I","year":"2012","unstructured":"36.Thanaboonyawat I, , Chanprapaph P, , Puriyapan A, et al. Association between breastfeeding success rate and nipple length and diameter in Thai pregnant women. Siriraj Med J 2012;64(1):18\u201321.","journal-title":"Siriraj Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2012.0118"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253261483409","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15568253261483409","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253261483409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T14:18:25Z","timestamp":1788099505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15568253261483409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15568253261483409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15568253261483409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"article-number":"15568253261483409"}}