{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1790218882398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first 6 months of life plays a vital role in protecting infant health and supporting maternal well-being. In Ethiopia, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) have examined EBF, but they report varying prevalence estimates and influencing factors. These inconsistencies make it difficult for clinicians and policymakers to clearly understand the overall picture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This umbrella review was conducted to bring together existing evidence, provide a clearer estimate of national EBF prevalence, and identify modifiable health system factors that could improve practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories for SRMAs published between 2018 and 2024. The methodological quality of included reviews was evaluated using AMSTAR 2. To assess duplication of primary studies across reviews, we calculated the corrected covered area (CCA). Random effects models were used to generate pooled estimates of prevalence and associated determinants. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five systematic reviews, including 123,083 mothers, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled national prevalence of EBF was 56.04% (95% confidence interval: 48.05\u201364.02), although substantial variability was observed across studies (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        I\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                        &gt;\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      99.88%). A high level of overlap among primary studies (CCA = 31.9%) indicated notable redundancy. Key modifiable factors associated with higher EBF rates included antenatal care attendance, institutional delivery, maternal education, and receipt of breastfeeding counseling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EBF in Ethiopia remains uneven and below optimal levels. Strengthening structured breastfeeding support within routine antenatal and facility-based maternity services offers an important opportunity to improve national EBF outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15568253261490308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1789969612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review of Prevalence and Modifiable Health System Determinants"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4737-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teketel Ermias","family":"Geltore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merkin","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden","family":"Sileshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariku Laelago","family":"Ersado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiy Tadesse","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe Alemu","family":"Anshebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfahun Simon","family":"Hadaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakew Lafebo","family":"Foto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services-The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative: monitoring manual","author":"Organization WH","year":"2025","unstructured":"1.Organization WH. Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services-The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative: monitoring manual. World Health Organization, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n del riesgo","author":"Organization WH","year":"2023","unstructured":"2.Organization WH. Evaluaci\u00f3n del riesgo. World Health Organization, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-071516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1693-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Infant and young child feeding","author":"Child Y","year":"2011","unstructured":"9.Child Y. Infant and young child feeding. Nutrition 2011:11\u201313.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","volume-title":"Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services","author":"Organization WH","year":"2017","unstructured":"10.Organization WH. Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services. World Health Organization, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01932-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"13.Organization WH. Report of the eighth meeting of the WHO Strategic and Technical Advisory Group of Experts for Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Nutrition 14-16 November 2023. World Health Organization 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-026-07075-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.jcn_90_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-4247.2021.10.04.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721231202559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Multi-sectoral nutrition policy and programme design, coordination and implementation in Ethiopia","author":"Ayele S","year":"2020","unstructured":"19.Ayele S, , Zegeye EA, , Nisbett N. Multi-sectoral nutrition policy and programme design, coordination and implementation in Ethiopia. Brighton: IDS. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-42724-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1516547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2023.100373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01404-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-021-00432-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-03059-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27.Alebel A Tesma C Temesgen B et al. Exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ethiopia and its association with antenatal care and institutional delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-018-0173-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Summarizing systematic reviews: Methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach","volume":"13","author":"Aromataris E","year":"2015","unstructured":"28.Aromataris E, , Fernandez R, , Godfrey CM, et al. Summarizing systematic reviews: Methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach. JBI Evid Implement 2015;13:132\u2013140.","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-014-0027-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13114-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-021-00367-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2024.0203"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Ever and exclusive breastfeeding practice during the first six months of infants\u2019 life in Bahrain: A cross-sectional study","volume":"44","author":"Nasser FA","year":"2023","unstructured":"37.Nasser FA, , Mohammed S. Ever and exclusive breastfeeding practice during the first six months of infants\u2019 life in Bahrain: A cross-sectional study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023;44(7):465\u2013474.","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","unstructured":"39.Organization WH. Advocacy brief: Nutrition for growth year of action: nine SMART breastfeeding pledges. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998609346961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-015-0049-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3426249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-015-0047-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-016-0091-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-016-0064-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers of children under two years old in Dilla Zuria District, Gedeo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014","volume":"3","author":"Reddy S","year":"2016","unstructured":"52.Reddy S, , Abuka T. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers of children under two years old in Dilla Zuria District, Gedeo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2014. J Pregnancy Child Health 2016;3:10\u20134172.","journal-title":"J Pregnancy Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0137-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-016-0081-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0098-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0103-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0118-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-015-0055-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0113-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-7-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.sjcm.20130206.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ujfns.2014.020301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-019-0200-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8546192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","article-title":"Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with children aged 6-23 months in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study","author":"Desalew A","year":"2020","unstructured":"65.Desalew A, , Sema A, , Belay Y. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with children aged 6-23 months in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health 2020","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1483024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00267-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-017-0121-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Infant and young child feeding practices among mothers living in Harar, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Abera K","year":"2012","unstructured":"69.Abera K. Infant and young child feeding practices among mothers living in Harar, Ethiopia. Harar Bulletin of Health Sciences 2012;4:66\u201378.","journal-title":"Harar Bulletin of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kontakt.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2015.11734548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","volume-title":"Assessment of optimal breastfeeding among working and Stay-at-Home mothers in Bahir Dar town Amhara regional state","author":"Tamir G","year":"2010","unstructured":"72.Tamir G. Assessment of optimal breastfeeding among working and Stay-at-Home mothers in Bahir Dar town Amhara regional state. North West of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University. 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","volume-title":"Assessment of factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice of employed and unemployed mother: A community based comparative cross sectional study Woldiya, Ethiopia 2014\/15","author":"Worku F","year":"2015","unstructured":"73.Worku F. Assessment of factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice of employed and unemployed mother: A community based comparative cross sectional study Woldiya, Ethiopia 2014\/15. Addis Ababa University, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2021-000071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1776-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54393\/pjhs.v5i08.1750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00313-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-024-00695-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-8-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-026-00832-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-28088-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_22_20"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Effect of antenatal counselling on exclusive breastfeeding","volume":"24","author":"Ahmad MO","year":"2012","unstructured":"87.Ahmad MO, , Sughra U, , Kalsoom U, et al. Effect of antenatal counselling on exclusive breastfeeding. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2012;24(2):116\u2013119.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000249613.15466.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"A history of international cooperation in maternal and child health. Maternal and child health: global challenges, programs, and policies","author":"Rosenfield A","year":"2009","unstructured":"89.Rosenfield A, , Min CJ. A history of international cooperation in maternal and child health. Maternal and child health: global challenges, programs, and policies. Springer; 2009, 3\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-023-00556-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-6-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1289835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","unstructured":"94.Organization WH. Implementation guidance on counselling women to improve breastfeeding practices. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-93042017000100004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334409357562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","volume-title":"Guideline: counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices","author":"Organization WH","year":"2018","unstructured":"97.Organization WH. Guideline: counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices. World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","article-title":"Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies","author":"Gavine A","year":"2022","unstructured":"98.Gavine A, , Shinwell SC, , Buchanan P, et al. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00134-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","volume-title":"Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: The revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative 2018 implementation guidance. Frequently asked questions","author":"Organization WH","year":"2020","unstructured":"100.Organization WH. Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: The revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative 2018 implementation guidance. Frequently asked questions. World Health Organization, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_1","article-title":"Care at work: Investing in care leave and services for a more gender equal world of work","author":"Addati L","year":"2022","unstructured":"102.Addati L, , Cattaneo U. Care at work: Investing in care leave and services for a more gender equal world of work. ILO 2022.","journal-title":"ILO"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2025-021083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_1","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Breastfeeding support and infant health outcomes: A narrative review of current policies","volume":"1","author":"Chinelo U","year":"2024","unstructured":"104.Chinelo U, , Olabode P, , Chidera V, et al. Breastfeeding support and infant health outcomes: A narrative review of current policies. SciBase Hum Nutr Food Sci 2024;1:1001.","journal-title":"SciBase Hum Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13050544"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_108_1","first-page":"qxaf096","article-title":"Policy changes to US federal infant feeding laws and regulations from 2014\u20132023: Evidence that the 2022 infant formula shortage had a narrow policy impact","volume":"3","author":"Harrigan PB","year":"2025","unstructured":"107.Harrigan PB, , Misyak SA, , Volpe SL, et al. Policy changes to US federal infant feeding laws and regulations from 2014\u20132023: Evidence that the 2022 infant formula shortage had a narrow policy impact. Health Aff Sch 2025;3(6):qxaf096.","journal-title":"Health Aff Sch"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-025-00728-2"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253261490308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15568253261490308","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15568253261490308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:47:02Z","timestamp":1790218022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15568253261490308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15568253261490308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15568253261490308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"article-number":"15568253261490308"}}