{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:51:01Z","timestamp":1777737061164,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innovations\ufffd(Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have routinely utilized minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) for revascularization of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. We examined how this procedure has evolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review was undertaken of 2,283 consecutive patients who underwent MIDCAB between 1997 and 2021. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A from 1997 to 2002 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 751, 32.9%), group B from 2003 to 2009 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 452, 19.8%), and group C from 2009 to 2021 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1,080, 47.3%). Risk profiles and short-term outcomes were analyzed for the entire cohort and for 293 propensity-matched patients drawn from each group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The left internal mammary artery was harvested open in group A but with robotic assistance in group C. Thirty-day mortality was higher in group A versus group C (12 deaths, 1.6% vs 5 deaths, 0.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044); this difference was negated after propensity matching. Group A had more comorbidities than group C, including peripheral vascular disease (17.7% vs 10.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), congestive heart failure (39.6% vs 18.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and a history of stroke (17.9% vs 10.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), although diabetes mellitus was more common in group C (51.4% vs 31.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Stroke was greater in group A (1.2% vs 0.0% vs 0.2%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), as was the need for prolonged ventilation (3.6% vs 0.2% vs 0.9%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), before and after propensity matching.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MIDCAB patients had less comorbidities than in the past. Robot-assisted MIDCAB was associated with lower stroke risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15569845221137616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:33:01Z","timestamp":1669336381000},"page":"521-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass: An Evolving Paradigm Over the Past 25 Years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Varrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iam Claire","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Pirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek R.","family":"Brinster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varinder P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Jacob","family":"Scheinerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirav C.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Hemli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular &amp; Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Use of thoracoscopy and a minimal thoracotomy, in mammary-coronary bypass to left anterior descending artery, without extracorporeal circulation. Experience in 2 cases","volume":"36","author":"Benetti FJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benetti FJ, Ballester C. Use of thoracoscopy and a minimal thoracotomy, in mammary-coronary bypass to left anterior descending artery, without extracorporeal circulation. Experience in 2 cases. J Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 36: 159\u2013161.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(96)80389-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01099-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00417-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.12.149."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.04.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-01903-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivac134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.16247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-21-775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155698451200700605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0b013e31827e1ea9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155698451000500604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0b013e3181cef8a6"}],"container-title":["Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15569845221137616","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15569845221137616","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15569845221137616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:18:23Z","timestamp":1777461503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15569845221137616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15569845221137616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15569845221137616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-9845","1559-0879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-9845","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}